ULTIMATE UTILITIES!
ULTIMATE GAMES!
@
PLUS a
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;
spa
Se ON! |
: ae ORNS
Theda
ena 7
71486902193) "3
64/128 VIEW
Gazette needs 64 and 128 programs every month.
If you are a programmer, here are
some tips that can help you make a sale.
Tom Netsel
azette wants to buy
your 64 and 128 pro-
grams. Sell just one pro-
gram, and you can eas-
ily recoup the cost of your
entire computer system.
We rely on our readers
for the programs we need
each month to fill Gazette
and Gazette Disk. Here are
some tips on what we want
and ways to make it easier
for you to make a sale.
Send your program and
documentation on a disk.
Save each twice, in case
one gets damaged. Send a
printout of your documenta-
tion and a short cover letter
explaining what your pro-
gram does and how to run
it. Enclose a daytime tele-
phone number. Don't send
a printout of your program
listing. Send postage if you
want your material returned.
To increase your chances
of making a sale, do all you
can to make it easy for us to
use and understand your pro-
gram. I've rejected pro-
grams because authors
have made my job tougher.
Here’s what we like to
see in a submission. First of
all, use the correct address.
Don't delay things by writing
to a post office box number
we haven't used in years.
Send programs to Gazette
Submissions Reviewer, COM-
PUTE, 324 West Wendover
Avenue, Suite 200, Greens-
boro, North Carolina 27408.
Deadlines, interruptions,
and weak coffee can put
me in a bad mood at submis-
sion meetings. Imagine that
I've a stack of programs to
get through, and I’ve just
opened yours. You've got
60 seconds to impress me.
You'll be off to a good
start with that note that ex-
plains what your program
does and how to run it. If
there are numerous files,
backups, and demos on
your disk, | can get very an-
noyed deciphering cryptic
filenames, trying to decide
which file to load first.
If we've had your pack-
age open for more than a
minute and we still don’t
know what it’s supposed to
do, we'll do one of two
things. We'll either reject the
program outright or toss it
back in the pile until next
month. In the latter case, we
don’t totally reject it, but
we're not jumping to buy it ei-
ther. This bumping process
can go on for months.
With your letter, send a
printout of your documenta-
tion. Here's where you can re-
ally boost your chances for
a sale. Write in the style we
use in the magazine! Ex-
plain what your program
does, why it might be useful
or entertaining, and whether
it's in BASIC or machine lan-
guage. Then explain how to
use the program. Many au-
thors fail to do this.
It's very important that
you send documentation on
disk as well as paper. Save
it as a PETSCII, ASCII, or
SpeedScript-compatible
file. DO NOT USE GEOS! |
load your documentation
into my 128, edit it, convert
it to ASCII, and upload it to
an IBM for additional editing
and typesetting. Retyping
your documentation wastes
time. If | have a program
whose instructions need mi-
nor editing and one that re-
quires hours of work, guess
which one 1'll buy? ]
Finally, tell us about your-
self: your occupation, age,
hobbies, and so on. We like
to publish a little information
about our authors. a
GAZETTE
64/128 VIEW
If you send a game or utility to Gazette, follow
these tips to boost your chances for a sale.
By Tom Netsel.
FEEDBACK
Questions and comments from our readers.
RELATIVELY SIMPLE
Many programmers shy away from using
relative files, but let's take another look
at these black sheep of the file family.
By Jayson Johnson.
REVIEWS
Tie Break, Calc II, and Bad Blood.
BEGINNER BASIC
Turn keyboard characters into movable sprites.
By Larry Cotton.
MACHINE LANGUAGE
Use a rotating buffer to determine a program's
starting address and more.
By Jim Butterfield.
WORLD VIEW
Czechoslovakia loves its Commies, but
politics has nothing to do with it.
By Emil Heyrovsky.
GEOS G-22
GEOS graphics require a good management system.
By Steve Vander Ark.
PROGRAMMER’S PAGE G-24
Here's a handy list of POKEs, WAITs, and SYS calls.
By Randy Thompson.
G-1
G-2
G-6
G-18
G-20
G-21
PROGRAMS
File Logger G-25
Demo Maker G-26
F/X Plot 128 G-30
Sprint Ill G-33
Pad Design G-38
Les eri
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE
GA
G2
Questions
and answers about
amortization
tables, genealogy
programs
for the 64/128,
and more
COMPUTE JUNE 1992
FEEDBACK
Address Correction
In “Commodore Clips” (Febru-
ary/March 1992) we listed the
wrong post office box number
for Clip Art Cupboard. The
correct address is P.O.
Box 317774, Cincinnati, Ohio
45231. We regret the error.
Amortization Table
| have been trying in vain to
get hold of a program that
will list amortization tables
with an option of payments
every two weeks. Can anyone
help me?
MARGIT DES LAURIERS
SANDSPIT, BC
CANADA
In the May issue, Larry Cotton
presented an amortization pro-
gram in his ‘Beginner BASIC”
column that displays pay-
ments on a monthly or yearly
basis. For payments other
than monthly, however, you
might try the following pro-
gram. It asks for the amount
borrowed and the number of
payments per year. If you
wish to make payments every
two weeks, enter 26 at the sec-
ond prompt. It will then re-
quest the annual interest rate
and the duration of the loan in
years.
The program will calculate
the payment you must make
for each period and then
print a table showing the
breakdown of interest and prin-
cipal on each payment and
the remaining balance. At the
end of a year, it will print a to-
tal of the principal and inter-
est paid. The program will
pause and wait for you to
press any key before printing
the next year's schedule of
payments.
RM 58 K$="PRESS ANY KEY
{SPACE}TO CONTINUE
"
GR 166 PRINT" {CLR}
SE 116 DEF FNA(X)=INT (X*
108+.5) /108
BJ 126 INPUT"AMOUNT BORR
OWED" ;E
MB 138 INPUT"NUMBER OF P
/ aim
146
158
166
176
186
196
195
268
210
2268
236
246
256
266
276
280
296
306
310
326
336
346
356
366
376
386
396
406
416
426
430
446
456
466
4768
480
496
506
510
AYMENTS PER YEAR"
iN
;
INPUT"ANNUAL INTE
REST RATE"; I:I=1/
1668
INPUT"DURATION IN
YEARS"; D
R=(I*E/N) /(1-1/(1
/N+1) J (N*D))
PRINT
PRINT"YOUR PERIOD
IC PAYMENT WILL B
E $";FNA(R)
PRINTKS
GET WS:IF WS=""TH
EN 195
PRINT
AT=0:A2=G:EN=E:RT
=8:IT=6:B=G:D1=N
IF INT (D)>=1THEN2
46
B=Bt1l
FORB=1TO INT (D)
PRINT CHRS$(147)"
{DOWN} AMORTIZATIO
N SCHEDULE"; TAB (2
5);" YEAR #";B
PRINT: PRINT" #"TA
B(5)"INTEREST"TAB
(17) "PRINCIPAL";
PRINT TAB (31) "BAL
ANCE": PRINT
FORB1=1T0D1
IV=FNA (EN) *I/N
RT=RT+1:A=R-IV:AT
=AT+A:EN=E-~AT
IFRT<>N*DTHEN336
R=R+EN: A=A+EN: ATS
AT+EN:EN=0
I2=12+IV:IT=IT+IV
2:A2=A2+A
A2=INT (A2*106+.5)
/168
PRINTB1;TAB (4) ;FN
A(IV) ;TAB(16) ;FNA
(A);
PRINT TAB (3G) ;ENA
(EN)
NEXT
IF RT<>N*DTHEN4GG
PRINT: PRINT" LAST
{SPACE} PAYMENT"; F
NA(R): PRINT
PRINT: PRINT"FOR T
HE CURRENT YEAR Y
OU PAID"
PRINT"S$";FNA (IT);
"IN INTEREST "
PRINT"AND S";FNA(
A2);"IN PRINCIPAL
"
IF B=D OR B>D THE
N 540
PRINT: PRINTKS
GET WS:IF WS=""TH
EN 450
PRINTCHRS (147)
IT=G6:A2=6
NEXT
B=B-1
IF D=BTHEN5S4@
D1=((D-INT (D))*12
)/12*N
B=Bt1
GOTO 256
PRINTKS
GET WS:IF WS=""TH
EN 550
END
CM
RF
GP
ER
526
536
546
556
EK 560
Genealogy Programs
| am looking for a family tree
program for my 64. Can you
help?
FREDERICK J. CARLETON
METAIRIE, LA
We published “Climbing Your
Family Tree" in the February
1991 issue of COMPUTE in
which the author described
several programs available
for the 64 that let users enter
family data. You might want
to contact the following com-
panies about their genealogy
programs. Here's a list of the
ones mentioned in the article.
Family—$34,95
PFA
8600 Old Spanish Tr., Ste. 79
Tucson, AZ 85710
(800) 366-1372
PED C and FGS—$39.95
BYTEWARE
906 West 6th Ave.
Monmouth, IL 61462
(309) 734-7096
Arbor-Aide—$34.95
SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS
7378 Zurawski Ct.
Custer, WI 54423
(715) 592-3594
Family Roots—$225.00
QUINSEPT
PO. Box 216
Lexington, MA 02173
(800) 637-7668
Keyboard Wanted
The time has come for me to
locate a new detached key-
board for my 128D. Perhaps
one of your readers may
have one for sale.
STEPHEN VAN EGMOND
360 FRONT RD.
LASALLE, ON
CANADA NQJ 125
Commodore-Ready Printer
Jrom Star
At An Incredible Price!
°119%
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iat panel Controls. Includes four built-in
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THE COMPUTER PRINTER
You can just Plug it in and inti
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Additional interfaces or cables an eee OTHER STAR PRINTE S
; Sug. Retail }
NX-1000C Painter 730 Roo s222100 NX-1001 Multi-Font 90895 $139.95
aia na SPECIAL! $119.93 NX-2420 Rainbow 451047 § 299,
Dopon (NX-1000C) 75471” $5.95 NX-1020 Rainbow 179393
on (NI 75471 f 0 I A51027 $179.95
$8.95 LaserPrinter 4 A57934 $879.00
Don‘t miss out on the lowest prices on
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Order Today! Call. 1-800-PROMPT-1
Shipping, Handling, Insurance
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Circle Reader Service Number 170
G5W.
G-4
An update
to a sports card
collection
program and tips
about writing
your own game
programs
COMPUTE JUNE 1992
FEEDBACK
Cursor SYS for 128
SYS 52591 will turn on a cur-
sor on the 128 in 80-column
mode. But what is the SYS
number to release the cursor?
ROBERT NELLIST
BROCKPORT, NY
A SYS to address 52591
($CD6F) will turn the cursor
on in either 40- or 80-column
display mode. To disable the
cursor in either mode, enter
SYS 52639 ($CD9F).
If you do any programming
in 64 mode, you might be in-
terested in reading Randy
Thompson's ‘Programmer's
Page” this month. His column
contains a handy reference ta-
ble for 64 programmers that
lists dozens of interesting and
unusual SYS calls, POKEs,
and WAIT commands.
Most of these items were
submitted by our readers. We
encourage—and pay for—pro-
gramming tips used on the
“Programmer's Page."
Sports Card Update
| have just started collecting
trading cards, so Kevin
Davis's Sports Card Collector
(November 1991) is a bless-
ing. One thing that | felt was
missing was an indication of
when you had last updated
the prices. So | added the fol-
lowing to the program, and it
works great.
195 PRINT‘{12 SPACES}UPDATE:
"DAS
390 INPUT#8, YT:INPUT#8, DAS:
INPUT#8,GC
615 INPUT‘ k8>JENTER DATE:
MO. DA. YR.{wht}”;DA$
1240 PRINT#8, YT:PRINT#8,DAS:
PRINT#8,GC
DOUGLAS JEFFERY
TELKWA, BC
CANADA
Writing Games
lam writing a game on my 64
in BASIC. It's getting a little
complicated, and I'm begin-
ning to think that maybe |
should be writing it in ma-
chine language. How can |
have a sound track running,
sprites moving, and the com-
puter awaiting input all at the
same time?
BRYAN PEASE
LIVERPOOL, NY
Computer games may seem
to do many things at once,
but they're actually doing on-
ly one thing at a time. Comput-
ers follow instructions sequen-
tially. A system that does sev-
eral different things at once is
possible, but you would need
more than one computer or
microprocessor (each operat-
ing sequentially). To give
your program the appear-
ance of simultaneous action,
you need to plan. Separate
the actions into subroutines.
IF-THEN can decide whether
or not you want to gosub to
the appropriate routine. It
might help to write, in plain
English, the game conditions
and their consequences.
For example, if the fire but-
ton is pressed, then launch
missile and set missile flag. If
the joystick moves, then
move ship sprite. If one sec-
ond has passed, then play an-
other note of the song. If the
missile flag is set, then move
missile sprite again. Repeat
the above loop.
First, you check for the joy-
stick button. If it's pressed,
then gosub to the appropriate
routine. If it's not, forget
about launching the missile un-
til the next time through the
loop. Once you've launched
the missile, you want it to con-
tinue moving, which is the rea-
son for the missile flag. Wheth-
er or not the button was
down, you next peek the joy-
stick to see if the player
wants to move and update
the ship's position. Third, you
check the jiffy clock by read-
ing variable TI or TI$ to see
how much time has gone by.
If a second (or whatever time
period you've chosen) has
passed, play the next note of
the song.
Next, move the missile
sprite if the flag is set, and go
back. The program loops
around, checking the joystick
twice, checking the time,
checking a variable, and tak-
ing any necessary action.
The computer works quick-
ly, so individual actions seem
to happen simultaneously.
To convert the above out-
line into a playable game,
you'd need a few more subrou-
tines. One would check the
collision register in case the
missile has hit something. An-
other would erase the sprite
and reset the flag as soon as
the missile has reached the
top of the screen. And, of
course, you'd have to trans-
late the outline into BASIC
code.
There's another technique
that's even closer to simultane-
ous action, but it requires
from an intermediate to an ad-
vanced knowledge of ma-
chine language. Sixty times a
second the computer stops
what it's doing and takes
some time to redraw the im-
age on the screen. The main
program is being constantly
interrupted. Using a wedge,
you can divert the interrupt to
your own machine language
program, which could play mu-
sic, move sprites, or whatever
you choose. Such interrupt-
driven routines are sometimes
difficult to implement, but
they can be very effective.
Do you have a question or
problem? Have you discov-
ered something that could
help other 64/128 users? Do
you have a comment about
something you've read in Ga-
zette? We want to hear from
you. Send your questions and
comments to Gazette Feed-
back, 324 West Wendover Av-
enue, Suite 200, Greensboro,
North Carolina 27408. a
RIO 800-782-9110
COMPUTERS
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@ Page flipping in real time for perfect animation sequences
@ seperate adjustment of brightnes levels for each
ONLY $59.95 of the red - green - blue primary colors
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@ Professional quality super high 400 dots per inch resolution ~ Reads the graphics from any printed document
@ Converts any material to digitized graphics in seconds ~ B/W setting for crisp reprodution of high contrast line art
@ Elaborate grey-tone scale digitizes color or black & white photos using 3 built in dithering settings
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itize black and white or color pictures
igitize any video source including VCR
@ Digitize either 4, 7 or 13 level grey levels
@ Menu controled picture brightnes
@ Includes three independent software programs
for total control and editing of digitized images:
DIGISON ~ DIGIFOX ~ DIGIMULTI
@ Free color filters included for digitizing color
images from black and white cameras
fener. fe
—
‘my rar mars |
ACTION REPLAY V 6.0
THE ULTIMATE UTILITY/BACKUP CARTRIDGE FOR THE C64/128
Allows You To Freeze The Action Of Any Memory Resident Program And Make A Complete Backup To Disk
=
WARP 25 - The worlds fastest disk serial Turbo
@ Typical backup will reload in under 5 seconds
@ No special formats-save directly into Warp mode
@ Warp Save/Load available straight from BASIC
RAMLOADER - Loads most commercial originals
25 times faster than normal!
UNIQUE CODE CRACKER MONITOR -
@ Full monitor features
MORE UNIQUE FEATURES - Menu driven operation
@ Simple operation: Just press a button at any point
B® All backups reload WITHOUT cartridge at Warp speed
@ Sprite killer: Make yourself invincible-disable collisions
@ Freeze HiRez screen & save in Koala & Paddles format
@ Print out any screen in 16 grey scales
@ 100% compatible with ALL drives and computers
@ Disk utilities: fast format, directory, list and many other
@ See the code in its Frozen state not Reset state
commands operated directly from function keys
MIDI 64 -Only $49.99
@ Full specification MIDI at a realistic price
@ MIDI In - MIDI Oyt - MIDI Thru
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@ Playback thru internal sound or external MIDI
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@ Print music in proper musical notation together
with lyri ing PRINTER module
@ Enter music a note at a time in written music
format using the EDITOR or via on screen
piano KEYBOARD emulator or via an
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@ Generate almost unlimited sounds with the
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@ Linker joins files to form large compositions
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MAKE THE MOST OF YOUR
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B View screens in a slide show sequence
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@ Contains full sprite editor
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—
PROGRAMMERS
OFTEN SHY AWAY FROM
RELATIVE FILES, BUT
MAYBE IT’S TIME TO TAKE
ANOTHER LOOK
AT THIS ALTERNATE METHOD
OF DATA STORAGE.
BY JAYSON JOHNSON
Relative files are the black sheep of the
data storage family. Programmers may try
them once, have a few problems, and
~ then give up on them. Then they spread
the word to their friends to stay away
from relative files. The reputation
spreads. Unlike sequential files, relative
files get no respect, but maybe it’s time for
a change.
Relative files do have good points and
advantages. For one thing, they offer far
more speed and efficiency than other meth-
ods of data storage. Since they can ac-
cess data without reading through every
file that precedes the desired information,
relative files offer almost random access.
If you have a large sequential file, you
must first load the entire file into the com-
puter's memory for processing. Then to re-
trieve data, you may have to read every
file before you find the information you
want. With sequential files, if you want a
piece of information that's stored in record
number 100, you'll have to plow through re-
cords 1—99 first.
Suppose you have a CD collection of
500 titles and you want to catalogue it on
index cards. If you put the titles in alpha-
betical order and read them as a sequen-
tial file reads data, you'd have to flip
through the whole stack before you came
to anything by ZZ Top or Pia Zadora.
With relative files, you can go directly to
the data you want and read only that da-
ta. Just as with index cards, you can
home in on the information you want with-
out starting from the beginning and flipping
sequentially through every file.
Since a relative file program uses only
enough memory to read desired data, very
little computer memory is actually used at
one time. A small program can access
163K of information that could be stored
on a single-sided disk.
Follow the Rules
Creating and using relative files is fairly
easy, providing you follow a few simple
tules. First, let's get some terminology
straight. With relative files, information is
stored in records, and each record con-
tains various fields. In the following exam-
ple, we'll create a mailing list. This whole
list is our file. Each person on our list will
be a record, and the various pieces of da-
ta about each person will be our fields.
For example, each record on our list
will contain a person's first and last
names, street address or post office box
number, city, state, ZIP or postal code,
and telephone number. These are the
fields we'll set up for each record. We'll be-
gin by calculating the total size of each re-
cord. This is done by adding the number
of characters in each field. With our mail-
ing list, we'll estimate how many charac-
ters each field should contain.
Field# Field name Number of
Characters
1 Lastname 15
2. Firstname 15
3 Addressi 20
4 Address2 20
5 Address3. 20
6 State 10
7 Zip Code 09
8 Phone # 12
Total 121
The record size for this file would be
121. Since the PRINT# statement
used with relative files adds a carriage
return to the end of each string, you
should add one extra character to
each field. So make it 129. If you try to
write 15 characters plus a CHR$(13)
(carriage return) to a record set up for
15, you'd get an ERROR 51, OVER-
FLOW IN RECORD.
DOS uses a single ASCII character
to represent the record length, This
means that the largest single record
could be 254 characters. This is very im-
portant to remember. If you want more
information stored in each record,
you'll have to split them in two. For ex-
ample, a 500-character record could
be split into two 250-character records.
You could use odd and even numbers
to identify each data pair.
The largest number of records you
can have is 65,535, but you'll never
use this many because of space limi-
tations on a floppy disk. A freshly for-
matted disk should show 644 blocks
free. Blocks, or sectors, are the areas
on a disk that can hold up to 256 char-
acters of information. DOS uses 2 of
these characters, so that leaves 254
bytes available for data.
Relative files use side sectors as an
index to keep track of which sectors
contain data. Each side sector has
room for 120 two-block pointers that let
DOS quickly locate the various blocks
assigned to the file.
As many as six side sectors can be
assigned to a file since each can deal
with 120 disk sectors (not records) for
a total of 720, more than the number of
blocks on a disk. Filling a 664-block
disk would use 6 blocks for side sec-
tors, leaving 658 blocks for data. Each
block can hold 254 characters, giving
you 167,132 characters in the largest
possible relative file. You can split this
up any way that is convenient for your
data. You could have 1671 records of
100 characters each or 658 records of
254 characters each.
Create a File
We have to create a file before records
can be stored or read. This is done by
opening a data channel with the de-
G-8 COMPUTE JUNE 1992
sired filename and record length. You
should note that DOS won't let you cre-
ate relative files with record lengths of
42, 58, or 63. These numbers repre-
sent ASCII values that have special
meaning to DOS. The format for creat-
ing a relative file is as follows.
OPEN file#, device#, channel#, ‘‘file-
name,L,” + CHR$(record length)
Let's start writing a program and call
our file MAILLIST. We previously count-
ed the number of characters we'd
need in each record and decided on
129. Type in the following OPEN com-
mand, but don’t run the program until
we complete it.
1000 REM OPEN MAILLIST FILE
1005 OPEN 1,8,2,‘MAILLIST,L,”+CHR$(129)
Remember not to run it yet. It's now pos-
sible for us to put information into the
file. In DOS, there's no command to
check the number of records in a rel-
ative file; however, it's possible to
store this number manually within the
first record. Let's do this by positioning
the record pointer to the first record
and storing the number 1. To do this,
we must open the command channel.
1010 OPEN 15,8,15
The POSITION command for record 4,
position 1 is
1015 PRINT#15,“‘P”+ CHR$(2) + CHRS$(1) +
CHR$(0) + CHR$(1)
The P is our pointer, and it tells the
drive to look for a certain record. In
CHR&(2) above, 2 is the channel we
opened when we created the file in
line 1005 (OPEN1,8,2,). Next, put the
number 1 into the record, because all
we have now is one record in our file.
1020 PRINT#1,1
Print to the file number we assigned
when we opened the file. (Remember
OPEN 1,8,2.) Then, close the file and
the command channel, and the file is
ready to use.
1030 CLOSE1:CLOSE15
Run the program now, and a file
called “MAILLIST” will be created and
placed in the disk’s directory.
Writing and Reading
To read from or write to any record in
our file, we open two channels, the
DOS command channel and a file chan-
nel. Now we can position the record
pointer to any record and field in the
file with the DOS POSITION command.
PRINT#15,‘‘P” + CHRS$(channel number) +
CHRS$(rec# Io) + CHRS(rec# hi) +
CHRS(position within record)
Notice that in the above line there are
two characters that represent the re-
cord number (rec# lo and rec# hi). The
formula for calculating these two num-
bers is as follows.
RECORD # = REC HI * 256 + REC LO
The record number can also be deter-
mined in other ways.
REC HI = INT(RECORD #/256)
REC LO = RECORD # - REC HI*256
Translated, the command sequence
would be as follows. (You don't have to
_ TIPS ON USING
RELATIVE | FILES —
Relative files are good ways to store da-
ta for quick and easy access, but many
_programmers avoid using them. Here
are a few things to remember | to avoid
problems.
als Aways iniialze the disk drive at the be-
ginning of your program to reset all
__ drive channels.
2. Always set the file pointer to the first
byte in a record..The last parameter in
the P command should be CHR$(1).
3. Never write an empty string to the
disk. This will cause the disk drive to
lock in a continuous loop.
4. Never leave a file open after entering
or editing data. Be sure to open, read/
write, and close the file in the same
ceominan sequence.
If you attempt to create a file that's too
large for the space remaining on your
disk, you'll get ERROR 52, FILE TOO
LARGE. If you plan to store a lot of data,
it's a good idea to devote a whole disk
to a relative file.
_ Here's a short BASIC program to deter-
mine the maximum number of records you
can have on a disk. To use the program,
you must know how many free blocks re-
main on your disk and the total number of
characters allotted for each record.
10 INPUTNUMBER OF FREE BLOCKS ON
DISK”;FB
20 INPUTTOTAL CHARACTERS IN
~ RECORD” :RL: IF RL<t OR RL>254 THEN
20
30 IF RL=42 OR RL=58 OR RL=63 THEN
-PRINTDO NOT USE”;RL;
“CHARACTERS”: GOTO 20
40 SS%=((FB/120)+.99): BA=FB-SS%
50 RP=(INT(BA*254/RL): IF RP465536 THEN
RP=65535
60 PRINT“ THERE'S SPACE
FOR” RP;‘RECORDS”
= =I]
INTRODUCING
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planned, so keep your eyes on us.
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enter NEW before typing this next sec-
tion. It and the remainder of the code
are meant to be added to the previous
program lines.)
10 OPEN15,8,15
15 OPEN1,8,2,"“MAILLIST”: REM WE ARE
OPENING, NOT CREATING THE FILE
40 R = 1: P = 1: REM RECORD NUMBER 1
POSITION 1
45 GOSUB 500
90 CLOSE1: CLOSE15: END
500 REM POSITION RECORD POINTER
510 RC = R + 1: REM ADD 1 TO RECORD
(REC1 IS ALREADY USED TO HOLD FILE
LENGTH)
520 RH% = RC/256: RL = RC-RH% * 256:
REM TWO-BYTE ADDRESS; RH% IS AN
INTEGER
530 PRINT#15,‘P” + CHRS(2) + CHRS(RL) +
CHRS(RH%) + CHRS(P)
540 RETURN
999 END
Don't run the program yet.
Record Contents
Each record is actually a string of infor-
mation in itself. To read each field sep-
arately, we must calculate where it be-
gins within the record. Here are the
record sizes we established earlier. We
can use these figures to determine
where to look for each field.
Last name 1-15
First name 16-30
Address 31-50
Address2 51-70
Address3 71-90
State 91-100
Zip Code 101-109
Phone # 110-121
Now let's make a list of pointers for
each field.
5000 DATA 1, LNAME, 16, FNAME, 31, AD1,
51, AD2, 71, AD3, 91, STATE, 101, ZIP,
110, PHNO
As you can see, this translates into
Last name at position 1, First name at
position 16, Address1 at position 31,
and so on.
Writing Data
Let's enter some information into a sam-
ple record. As we do, we'll write over
line 45 in the earlier subroutine.
35 REM STORE RECORD
45 FS(1)=""JOHN": F§(2)="DOE”
50 F$(3)=""15 HOLLYWOOD AVENUE”
55 F§(4)=""{SPACE}”
60 F$(5)=""HOLLYWOOD”
65 FS(6)="CALIF.”
70 FS(7)="90135"
75 FS(8)="555-964-6652”
80 RESTORE: REM RESET DATA POINTER
85 FORLP=1T08: READP,X$: GOSUB500:
PRINT#1, FS(LP): NEXTLP
When you have this final block of
code entered, you may run the pro-
gram typed in so far. You may also
want to save it to disk.
Reading Data
Reading information is just the oppo-
site. You set the pointer and use IN-
PUT# to read the information instead of
PRINT#, which is used to write it.
20 GOTO100
100 REM READ RECORD
110 R=1: REM RECORD 1
115 RESTORE: RESET BASIC DATA POINTER
120 FORLP=1T08: READP,X$: GOSUB500:
INPUT#1,F$(LP): NEXTLP
125 CLOSE1: CLOSE15
130 PRINT“LAST NAME: ”;FS(1)
135 PRINT“FIRST NAME: ”;FS(2)
140 PRINT“ADDRESS: ”
145 PRINTFS(3)
150 PRINTFS(4)
155 PRINTFS(5);", ”;F$(6),F$(7)
160 PRINT PHONE#: ”;FS(8)
175 END a)
“You're not quite as smart as you thought you were, eh? I've unplugged you!”
COMPUTE JUNE 1992
GAZETTE
D\SK L/BRARY
VALUE-PACKED SOFTWARE
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All Gazette disks are menu-driven for ease of use—and they feature complete
documentation. Just load and you're ready to go!
SpeedScript $11.95
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additional dozen support programs, including
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Gazette Index $7.95
Every article and department from Gazette—July
1983 through December 1989 issues—is indexed:
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Disk features pull-down menus, help screens,
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Best dozen arcade and strategy games ever
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‘The GEOS Collection
Gazette’s Power Tools $9.95
Fourteen of the most important utilities for the
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Titles: MetaBASIC, Disk Rapid Transit, Mob Maker,
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Smart Disassembler, Comparator, Sprint Il, and
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§ SPECIAL OFFER!
} All prices include shipping & handling.
I SpeedScript O $11.95
I Gazette Index O $7.95
rT Best Gazette Games O $ 9.95
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REVIEWS
TIE BREAK
Tennis anyone? You don't
have to be a top seed tennis
professional at Wimbledon
to enjoy playing DigiTek Soft-
ware's Tie Break. This compu-
terized tennis game is for ten-
nis lovers of all levels.
Tie Break offers three
modes of play: world tourna-
ment, tournament, and train-
ing. World tournament is for
those who want a real chal-
lenge. Here, you select up to
16 players (human or comput-
er), and you must defeat all
of them to win the champion-
ship. You then select the
world tournament that you
want to enter. These vary in
level of difficulty and include
Wimbledon, the French
Open, the Masters, the U.S.
Open, the Davis Cup, and
the Australian Open. For ex-
tra realism, each player is as-
signed a racket of a certain
tension and weight.
Perhaps you don't feel
ready for world tournament
play just yet. If you just want
to compete against a few of
your friends, select tourna-
ment play. Once again,
each player is assigned rack-
et weight and tension. You al-
so select the surface type
and color that you want to
play on. Court types vary in
difficulty since the ball may
move faster or bounce differ-
ently on certain surfaces. For
example, the ball will move
faster on an asphalt or a PVC
court than it will on clay.
Let's say that you haven't
played for a while and are a
little rusty. If you feel like prac-
ticing either before entering
a world tournament or play-
ing against your best friend
who happens to be a tennis
pro, then select training.
Here, you can practice with
a variety of computer players
of varying skill levels.
If your friend wants to prac-
tice as well, you both can
G-12 COMPUTE JUNE 1992
play against each other or
play doubles with two com-
puter players. (To play
against a friend, one person
must use the joystick, and
the other must use the 64's
arrow keys and space bar to
control the onscreen play-
ers.) This training mode also
will let you experiment with dif-
Tie Break is easy to learn.
In no time, you'll have a rack-
et in your hand, be ready to
compete in a world tourna-
ment, or be ready to play
against the computer in the
training mode. The level of dif-
ficulty depends on such fac-
tors as the number of players
you must beat in a tourna-
This player on a clay court has just hit a high lob to his singles
opponent in Tie Break, DigiTek's new tennis game.
ferent rackets and surfaces.
Being able to practice with
other players is a nice fea-
ture of this game, since
some of the other computer-
ized tennis games let you
practice only by hitting balls
tossed by a ball machine.
No matter what mode you
select, you don't have to wor-
ry about moving your player
to the appropriate court po-
sition to hit the ball. Tie
Break automatically posi-
tions the player for return
shots. You simply decide
how you're going to com-
plete your return shot. Some
of the options are volley, lob,
slice, topspin, and smash.
The computer will decide if
your shot will be forehand or
backhand. You control your
shot’'s speed, direction,
type, and length. It's also pos-
sible to pause during the ac-
tion or slow the game down.
ment, the tension and
weight of your racket, the op-
ponent you select, and the
court surface. This game's
challenging to play, but it
would be even more challeng-
ing if there were an option to
position your player yourself
for return shots as opposed
to having the computer do it
for you.
The manual provides you
with enough information to
get you started quickly. All
types of shots are explained
in enough detail so that you'll
soon learn how to perform
each one. There are even dia-
grams to show you in more
detail exactly how to hit cer-
tain shots. The manual also
includes useful information
on how to use trick shots to
defeat an opponent.
Tie Break's graphics and
sound effects are great on
the 64. You watch the
games as though you were
looking down from above.
You see the ball, players,
court, and net in a three-di-
mensional view. You can
hear the sound each time
someone hits the ball or the
ball bounces off the court.
Tie Break lets you know vis-
ually when the ball hits the
net or is out of bounds. You
can see just what type of
shots the players are taking,
and the scores appear on
the screen after each point is
scored.
Overall, Tie Break is fun
and challenging, and it'll
give you hours of entertain-
ment. So if tennis is your rack-
et, | think you'll love playing
this game, especially if the
weather is too nasty to go out-
side on the courts. Bring the
true-to-life action and excite-
ment of tennis to your 64 and
give this game your best
shot. See you at Wimbledon!
CHRIS SAUCIER
Commodore 64 and 128—$29.95
DIGITEK SOFTWARE
1916 Twisting Ln.
Wesley Chapel, FL 33543.
(813) 973-7733
Circle Reader Service Number 341
CALC II
Years ago, | typed in a
spreadsheet called Speed-
Calc that | saw in Gazette.
Since it has always loaded
quickly, has been easy to
use, and has provided cor-
rect answers with its calcula-
tions, | couldn't see any rea-
son for switching to another
spreadsheet. That was be-
fore | tried Calc II from
Pankhurst Programming.
I'll have to admit that, at
first glance, | wasn’t im-
pressed. | mean—a spread-
sheet is a spreadsheet is a
spreadsheet. They're made
up of letters along the left
side of the screen that iden-
tify rows and numbers run-
PUMP UP
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IY,’ © eee “check or Money Order __ MasterCard __VISA ral
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4 Signature |
| __The 1992 Best of Gazette Utilities (Required) |
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___ Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appropriate sales tax for your |
| ~ area. Canadian orders, add 7% goods and services tax.) Address |
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airmail per disk.
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| __ Total Enclosed
Mail this coupon to COMPUTE's 1991 Utilities, 324 West Wendover Ave., Ste. 200, I
|
L MasterCard and VISA accepted on orders with subtotal over $20. Greensboro, NC 27408. |
REVIEWS
ning across the top that iden-
tify columns. The intersec-
tion where a row and column
meet is called a cell, and
Calc Il has plenty of those. In
fact, it has 240 rows and 240
columns. A 64 doesn't have
enough memory to use that
many cells, but it does have
room for about 20K of data.
The actual number of free
bytes remaining is displayed
at the top of the Calc Il
screen.
I'm going to assume that
everyone knows what a
spreadsheet is and jump
right into Calc Il’s strong
points and improvements
over its earlier version. One
feature that's almost worth
the price alone is Calc II's abil-
ity to split the screen into
two, three, or four windows.
This lets you see one part of
the sheet while working in an-
other section.
Many times I’ve been en-
tering data in a budget with
dates running across the top
of the page and with income
and expense categories run-
ning down the left. Things
are fine as long as all the in-
formation is on one screen.
By the time you've entered
enough data to scroll across
and down the page, howev-
er, you can no longer see the
dates and the categories. Af-
ter a while, you have to
scroll back to the beginning
to make sure you're entering
data in the correct cells.
With Calc Il you don't
have this problem. You can
open a couple of windows,
lock the categories and
dates in place, and then
move anywhere on the
sheet and still be sure you're
not entering November's elec-
tic bill in the cell reserved for
December's rent payment.
You can divide the screen in-
to any size windows you like.
Printing can also be a prob-
em if your spreadsheet is
arger than your printer can
G14 COMPUTE JUNE 1992
handle. Calc || automatically
splits at the end of a page,
printing the rightmost sec-
tions on later pages. Other
spreadsheets may wrap and
print on the next line, destroy-
ing the row and column or-
der. You can print just a por-
tion of the sheet if you don't
need all of it. You can also
use embedded printer
codes in Calc II to utilize
your printer's compressed
print modes.
Once you have data en-
tered, you can manipulate it
with Calc II's sorting routine.
You can sort in ascending or
descending order by row or
column. This is the only area
where | experienced any dif-
ficulty. | entered a group of
names running down the
page in acolumn. When | de-
fined this block of data and
asked the program to sort
the column in ascending or-
der, nothing happened. Af-
ter several unsuccessful at-
tempts, | asked it to sort the
row, and then it worked. The
same held true with data
across the page. | call that a
row, but the sort routine ap-
parently considers that a col-
umn. Numbers sort with no
problem, but text sorts ac-
cording to word length un-
less cells are left-justified.
Data in cells can be justi-
fied left, right, or center, de-
pending on your preference.
Columns can be adjusted
globally or individually to fit
data of any width, from 3 to
38 characters. Other options
include number of decimal
places, auto or manual cal-
culate, tape or disk, device
number for printing, and
screen and text colors. You
can make these changes
manually after a spread-
sheet loads, but Calc II pro-
vides a separate program
that lets you customize the
program to fit your preferenc-
es. Then, anytime you run
Calc ll, it'll default to your cus-
tomized choices.
Another program that
comes with Calc II is amerg-
er program. Use it to com-
bine different spreadsheet
templates onto one larger
spreadsheet. The resulting
file can be a merger of any
number of previously saved
templates. Text and formulas
must use different cells, how-
ever, or the second spread-
sheet will overwrite those
cells already in memory.
Speaking of templates,
Calc II provides about 40 of
them that are ready to load
and run. Some of them help
you calculate break-even
points, business budgets, de-
preciation, loans, mortgag-
es, standard deviations, and
future worth of investments.
Others will help balance
your checkbook, keep a
grade book, write sales
slips, and figure factorials.
One will even take room
measurements and calcu-
late how much wallpaper,
paint, or carpeting you'll
need for the job.
Several of the templates
have borders and lines to set
off data. In the past, | had to
be content with a series of
equal signs or dashes to cre-
ate such effects. With Calc
Il, however, it’s possible to
use many of the Commodore
keyboard graphics to create
design elements that make
your spreadsheet easier to
read and more appealing to
the eye.
Calc II treats mathemati-
cal calculations in the same
fashion as Commodore BA-
SIC, so you shouldn't have
any problems entering your
own formulas. It even ac-
cepts the Boolean operators
And, Or, and Not.
Calc Il also has a number
of powerful built-in functions
that can make your calculat-
ing chores easier. In addition
to the usual Sums, Square
Roots, Tangents, and Loga-
rithms—functions found in
most spreadsheets—Calc II
offers Rnd for random num-
bers, Peek to return a value
of a memory byte, and Exp
for exponents. Additional
functions include Average,
Minimum and Maximum val-
ues, and Number of Items in
a block of data. Lookup and
Index are functions used to
find data in tables. Fix trun-
cates remainders in calcula-
tions, and Round rounds the
value up or down. An If func-
tion lets you make a choice
between two options. How to
use these and other func-
tions is carefully explained in
the manual.
A spreadsheet is a very
powertul yet flexible tool that
lets you perform a wide
range of mathematical calcu-
lations. It's a productivity
package you'll use again
and again. If you don’t have
a spreadsheet, | recom-
mend that you get one.
Once you decide to get one,
| heartily recommend Calc Il.
TOM NETSEL
Commodore 64 and 128—$29.00,
plus $4.95 shipping and handling
PANKHURST PROGRAMMING
P.O. Box 49135
Montreal, PQ
Canada H1N 316
Circle Reader Service Number 342
BAD BLOOD
Mutants get no respect! In
most computer games, mu-
tant creatures are monsters
or enemies. Found roaming
in dungeons or forests,
these creatures are simply a
source of experience points
and useful objects left be-
hind after termination. Bad
Blood, from Origin, is an ad-
venture game that takes
place in a postapocalyptic
world in which the mutants
are the good guys and the hu-
mans are corrupt and vindic-
tive. There’s a lot of bad
SOFTWARE
CLOSEOUTS
For Commodore 64 & 128
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Circle Reader Service Number 181
New on the Gazette Disk! In addition to the
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get outstanding bonus programs. These programs,
which are often too large to offer as type-ins, are
available only on disk—they appear nowhere else.
As another Gazette Disk extra, check out
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S
4
91
Gazette
Index
Everything’s included!
Features, games, reviews,
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REVIEWS
blood here. Your goal is to bring peace
to the Plains and prevent war between
the mutant races and the humans who
want to control and enslave them.
You start Bad Blood in the mutant
town of Mardok. After watching an in-
troduction, you choose a character for
the game. The choices are Varigg, Ja-
kka, and Dekker. Varigg is a green
male, full mutant. Jakka is a female mu-
tant, almost human except for her eye
blasts. Dekker is a male human. All the
characters have qualities that make
them attractive alter egos. Their weak-
nesses make the game a different chal-
lenge with each character.
Bad Blood takes place on the Plains,
a land laid to waste long ago by a nu-
clear bomb. The inhabitants managed
to survive, but not without mutations.
The humans tried to ignore the mutants
and enslaved them. As time wore on,
the mutants rebelled and formed their
own communities. In addition to moun-
tains and open spaces, the Plains con-
sists of mutant towns Mardok, Okkarn,
Niwik, and Kitrum; human cities Xantin-
ium and Yvrium; and a dangerous shell
of a city called Zero City.
Bad Blood’s game screen features
an overhead view of your character's
surroundings in a mock television cab-
inet. Below this window on the left is a
list of five commands; a jar of brown flu-
id on the right marks the character's
life level. The commands are Inventory,
Examine, Use, Talk, and Options
(Pause game, Save game, Load game,
and Music on/off). To play Bad Blood,
move the character around in the top
window with joystick or keyboard and
select commands with the joystick but-
ton or space bar. The first three com-
mands bring up an inventory window for
further choices.
It's necessary to carry on a lot of con-
versations with people you meet in Bad
Blood. They'll provide clues and other
necessary information. Selecting the
Use command brings up another menu
with options to chat, ask a character
about a specific topic from another list,
or say goodbye.
Finally, in combat, you use a weap-
on or bare hands to attack by pressing
the joystick button or space bar. That's
all there is to Bad Blood. You'll be play-
ing the game in no time.
Bad Blood possesses the right diffi-
culty for beginners, and seasoned ad-
venturers will enjoy the atmosphere of
the game and the strange characters.
The well-written manual details the his-
tory of the Plains and also explains the
slang of the region, such as tuff (warri-
or or soldier), hume (human), and mute
(mutant). It's a fresh perspective to see
the entire game on one scale, as is not
the case in a lot of other role-playing
games. You only see the interiors of
buildings when you enter the doors.
Bad Blood takes advantage of its
game world and contains a lot of interest-
ing mutants, not all of whom are friend-
ly. Just remember to watch out for the
reptilian Kejek creatures; they capture
other mutants as slaves for the humans
in exchange for big rewards.
The graphics in Bad Blood are top-
notch. The overhead view is particular-
ly impressive because of the detail it pro-
vides. Scrolling is smooth and fast. The
only time the game halts and accesses
the disk is when you enter a building or
move into a new area of the Plains. For-
tunately, this access time is short. Bad
Blood's graphics bring the mutants to
life and offer a rich environment for ex-
ploration. The catchy music is constant
throughout the game and adds a lot to
the enjoyment. Sound effects are not as
prevalent.
Bad Blood is a fine example of how
much more enjoyable a game can be
with a simple control system. Bad
Blood's interesting land and inhabitants
make this game an ideal choice for
adventure fans.
RUSS CECCOLA
Commodore 64 and 128—$49.95
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PARTS CATALOG
Circle Reader Service Number 178
Calc li makes your math work a breeze | of cata * Uppercase, lowercase and
= whether it's a mortgage caicuiation, | Commodore graphics all avaliable * Bar
‘budgeting, orkeeping sports statistics. | graohs on-screen with text * Over two
(Or use it for your non-math chores like | dozen functions, including LOOKUP,
organizing phone numbers or maknga | AVG, IF, RND, SIN & FIX * 240 rows by
shopping Est! 240 columns * Easy to remember com-
© Uses Commodore math routines for | mands * Uses disk or tape * Smple
power and speed * gets results twice | worksheet setup ¢ Easy text entry.
85 fast as competitor's * ideal for | The Package includes a Detailed User's
Spreadsheet databases ~ sot by row or column * | Guide with quick start info and
‘View lots of information fast with up to | spreadsheet tips. Also on disk with Calc
for the
column locking * Quick, responsive
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The Fastest
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Shipping outside of US, Canada and Mexico add $3
Circle Reader Service Number 155
Here’s an interesting
Way to tum
keyboard characters
into sprites,
and move them about
with cursor Keys.
G-18
BEGINNER BASIC
Larry Cotton
ALPHABET SPRITES
Let's transfer data from the
64's built-in character set to an
interesting sprite format.
Lines 10-110 contain famil-
iar sprite code, except for con-
stant definitions in lines 50
and 60, which we'll look at in
a moment. Line 120 begins a
FOR-NEXT loop to copy three
groups of character data.
Lines 130 and 170 access
226
236
248
256
266
276
286
296
366
POKE211,17:PRINT"
KEYS"
POKEV+21,1:REM SP
RITE ON
KB=197:SH=653:NK=
64:MX=255
K=PEEK (KB) +PEEK(S
H) : IFK=NKTHEN24G
IFK=7THENY=Y+1
IFK=8THENY=Y-1
IFK=2THENX=X+1
IFK=3THENX=X-1
X1=INT (X/MX) :X2=X
-X1*MX
POKEV, X2: POKEV+16
COMPUTE JUNE 1992
RJ 10 PRINTCHRS$ (147) : POK
E646,7{10 SPACES}
JD 26 PRINTTAB (16) "PLEAS
E WAIT 3 SEC.
RC 30 V=53248:REM 1ST SP
R CTRL REGISTER
HD 48 POKEV+21,0:REM TUR
N SPR 1 OFF
HG 50 X$="ABCDEFGHIJKLMN
OPQRSTUVWXYZ":REM
{SPACE}SEE LINE 33
6
RA 60 S=6656:E=8:REM SEE
LINE 146
BD 70 POKE2046,192:REM P
OINT TO DATA
PC 8G REM POKEV+23,1:POK
EV+29,1:REM ENLARG
E
EP 90 POKEV+39,7:REM YEL
LOW SPRITE
PX 106 X=160:Y=130:POKEV
,X:POKEV+1,Y:REM
{SPACE }LOCATE
HM 11@ FORB=12288T012350
: POKEB, @:NEXT:B=1
2288:REM CLEAR SP
RITE DATA AREA
FG 12@ FORG=1T03:GOSUB32
6
SM 13@ POKE56334,@:POKE1
,51:REM KBD OFF
DR 14¢ FORI=GTO21STEP3:Z
=(T+S) *E:POKEB+I,
PEEK(Z+A):REM COP
Y CHARACTER DATA
XK 156 A=A+1:NEXT:A=6:B=
B+l
GA 16@ NEXT:B=B+21:GOTO]
26
SB 176 POKE1,55:POKE5633
4,1:REM KBD ON
AM 18@ PRINTCHRS$(147)
FB 196 POKE214,9:PRINT:P
OKE211,17:PRINT"
{3 SPACES}SS":REM
3 SPACES BEFORE
{SPACE}SS
MQ 26@ POKE214,16:PRINT:
POKE211,17:PRINT"
{3 SPACES}SOR":RE
M 3 SPACES BEFORE
SOR
XB 216 POKE214,11:PRINT:
,X1:POKEV+1,Y:REM
MOVE SPRITE
GOTO240
READAS: IFAS="*"TH
EN170
FORT=1T026:IFAS=M
ID$(X$,T,1) THENRE
TURN
NEXT
DATA P,R,E,C,U,Ry
the character ROM located
from 53256 through 53463.
POKE 56334,0 turns off the key-
board, while POKE 1,51 switch-
es the character ROM in.
When the copying is com-
plete, the two memory regis-
ters must be restored to nor-
mal with POKE 1,55 and
POKE 56334,1. The order of
poking in line 170 must be re-
versed from that of line 130.
Between lines 130 and 170,
the ROM-to-sprite data copy-
ing occurs. We set up the
sprite's shape data in memory
registers 12288 through
12350; B is 12288. Recall that
each sprite shape is defined
by 63 bytes (three columns of
21 bytes). The first letter
whose 8 bytes of data we'll
transfer will appear in the up-
per left corner of the sprite, con-
trolled by addresses 12288,
12291, 12294, and so on.
A FOR-NEXT loop from 0 to
21 in line 140 begins copying
the eight bytes of character da-
ta. STEP 3 ensures that the da-
ta bytes fall under each other
in the sprite so the character
will be readable. Z is the ROM
location of the character data.
Its value is calculated by add-
ing constant S and variable T
and then multiplying by con-
316
JE 326
HP 336
FG
HD
346
356
stant E. (S and E are defined
in line 60.) T comes from a sub-
routine in lines 320-350,
which is called from line 120.
Let's look at that subroutine.
AG is a letter of the alpha-
bet. X$ (the alphabet, defined
in line 50) is scanned for a
match, T indicates A$’s place
in the alphabet. Thus, if A$ is
the letter C, T will equal 3. The
subroutine returns control to
line 130. T is then added to S
in line 140, which determines
Z's value—the place to begin
peeking for character data.
In line 140, the first time
through the loop, B is poked
with whatever's in Z. However,
line 150 increments A (which
starts as 0) by 1, so the next
time through the loop, B+3 is
poked with whatever's in Z+1.
Thus, as the sprite data reg-
isters are increased by three,
the character data registers
are increased by one.
After the loop is finished in
line 150, Ais reset to 0, and B
is increased by 1. The next
two characters will be placed
to the right of the first one in
the sprite; the FOR-NEXT loop
is finished in line 160. Finally,
B is increased by 21, and an-
other loop begins in line 120.
This places three more charac-
ters under the first three.
Lines 180-310 print a mes-
sage and illustrate a sprite-
moving technique via the cur-
sor keys. Line 230 looks at
memory locations 197 and
653, which track keyboard
presses. The sum of their
peeked values equals 7, 8, 2,
or 3, corresponding to down,
up, right, and left cursor move-
ments. Line 290 converts the
sprite’s horizontal position to
pokable values for the two
horizontal-position memory reg-
isters 53248 and 53264. Line
300 does the actual poking.
Experiment by deleting the
first REM in line 80 and the print-
ing in lines 190-210. Try other
values for S in line 60, X$ in
line 50, and 26 in line 330. G
APEVINE GROUP ,_..
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Here’s a method
to determine
a program’s starting
whether it’s a BASIC
language program.
G-20
COMPUTE JUNE 1992
MACHINE LANGUAGE
Jim Butterfield
ROTATING
BUFFERS
You may recall an earlier ex-
pedition into hexadecimal num-
ber printing. In this column,
we'll expand on that subject.
Here's what this program
will do. The user names a pro-
gram file. Our program exam-
ines that file and reports two
things: the load address and
whether or not the last three
bytes of the file are 0. The
load address of a program
gives you a hint as to whether
this is a normal program (gen-
erated with a SAVE com-
mand) or an unusual one that
will need to be brought in with
a LOAD “filename",8,1 com-
mand. Normal load addresses
vary from computer to comput-
er, but these addresses al-
most always end with hexadec-
imal digits 01.
If the load address ends
with digits 01, our program
will read the rest of the file to
catch the last three bytes. If
each of the three are 0, the pro-
gram will print ALL BASIC.
For example, a program
with a load address of $0801
that ends with three binary Os
is more than likely a BASIC lan-
guage program that was prob-
ably saved on a 64. That
means it can be loaded with
the normal ,8 extension.
The program must read all
the bytes of the file in order to
catch the last three, but it
doesn't need to save all those
bytes that it encounters first. A
buffer large enough to hold
three bytes is all that’s re-
quired. As the data bytes
come from the file, they'll be
stored in one of these three ad-
dresses. A pointer will move
across the three locations, loop-
ing around as needed. In oth-
er words, we have a rotary buff-
er. When we finally see the
END OF FILE signal, the con-
tents of those three locations
will be the pieces of informa-
tion that we want to know.
The BASIC program first
pokes the machine language
code in place. Then it asks for
a filename and opens logical
file 1. The machine language
program is called in to do the
main job. When control returns
to BASIC, the file is closed,
and the program is finished.
Note that the file is opened
and closed from BASIC. Al-
though we could do the same
job from machine language,
we'd save little time or memo-
ry. It's nice to have BASIC on
hand for such jobs. On other
computers, BASIC wouldn't
be there, and you'd lose this
easy and flexible option.
Since it’s built into the Commo-
dores, why not use it?
The machine language pro-
gram is situated at addresses
$2000 to $2081. When called,
it connects to logical file 1 and
reads the first two bytes into ad-
dresses $2200 and $2201.
Those bytes are converted to
hexadecimal and printed.
At address $2021 we
check to see that the last two
digits of the load address are
01. To do this, simply examine
the contents of $2200. If you
don’t find value 1 there, skip to
the end of the program.
Our rotary pointer is held in
X; the value is temporarily
stored in location $2202 when
we read in anew byte from the
file. The data byte is stored in
one of three locations in the
range $2203 to $2205.
2027 8E 02 22 STX $2202
202A 20 £4 FF JSR SFFE4
202D AE 02 22 LDX $2202
2030 9D 03 22 STA $2203,xX
2033 £8 INX
2034 EO 03 CPX #$03
2036 DO 02 BNE $203A
2038 A2 00 LOX #$00
203A A5 90 LDA $90
203C FO E9 BEQ $2027
Note that ST, the status byte,
is at $90 for Commodore com-
puters from the VIC-20 on.
For early PET/CBM machines,
substitute address $96.
Once the file is completely
read, it's easy to examine the
three bytes of the buffer to
see if they're all 0.
If the file does end with
three O bytes, the program
prints its ALL BASIC mes-
sage. The loop to do this is at
locations $204B to $2057.
The machine language pro-
gram disconnects from the
file by calling Kernal subrou-
tine $FFCC, prints a Return,
and then passes control
back to BASIC.
Full coding isn't given
here, but you can disassem-
ble it to see the details. Note
the changes for older PETs
on lines 110 and 270.
10 DATA 162,1,32,198,255,32,
20 DATA 228,255,141,0,34,32
30 DATA 228,255,141,1,34,169
40 DATA 36,32,210,255,162,1
50 DATA 189,0,34,32,96,32
60 DATA 202,16,247,174,0,34
70 DATA 202,208,49,142,2,34,
80 DATA 32,228,255,174,2,34
90 DATA 157,3,34,232,224,3
100 DATA 208,2,162,0,165
110 DATA 144:REM 150 FOR PET
120 DATA 240,233,169,0,162,2
130 DATA 29,3,34,202,16,250
140 DATA 170,208,13,162,0
150 DATA 189,119,32,32,210
160 DATA 255,232,224,11,208
170 DATA 245,32,204,255
180 DATA 169,13,76,210,255
190 DATA 72,74,74,74,74,32
200 DATA 107,32,104,41,15
210 DATA 120,248,24,105,144
220 DATA 105,64,216,88,76,210
230 DATA 255,32,65,76,76,32
240 DATA 66,65,83,73,67,13
250 FOR J=8192 TO 8321:READ X
260 POKE J,X:T=T+X:NEXT J
270 IF T<>14512 THEN STOP:
REM 14518 FOR PET
300 INPUT ‘‘NAME OF PRO-
GRAM FILE”;F$
310 OPEN 15,8,15:0PEN 1,8,3,F$
330 INPUT#15,E,E$,E1,£2
340 IF E<>0 THEN PRINT
E;E$;E1;E2:END
350 SYS 8192
360 CLOSE 1 o
WORLD VIEW
Emil Heyrovsky
VIEW FROM
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Don't worry if you hear us talk-
ing favorably about Commies
in Czechoslovakia these
days. The Communist party
hasn't ruled in our country
since November 1989. When
we talk about Commies now,
we're talking about our Com-
modore computers.
Czechoslovakia is a free
country in the heart of Europe;
its population slightly exceeds
15 million, It's a mountainous
country with a colorful history.
Now back to the Commies.
Thanks to the Communist re-
gime, the value of the Czecho-
slovak crown has fallen drasti-
cally in comparison to its pre—
World War II value. The pre-
sent exchange rate is about
30 crowns to the U.S, dollar.
Now hold your breath. The
average monthly salary of a
Czechoslovak citizen today is
2,700 crowns. That's about
$90. During the Communist
rule, a 64 was available only
through special shops for al-
most 10,000 crowns ($330). A
1541 disk drive unit cost
about the same amount.
At that time, though, the av-
erage salary was much lower,
and the exchange rate was ab-
surd. The only rational way to
get a computer was to import
it from Germany or another
West European country.
Thanks to bureaucratic Com-
munist formalities, this was nev-
er an easy process. Nowa-
days, a 64 costs about 5000
crowns ($165). Since it's now
easy to travel throughout Eu-
rope and the formalities are
minimal, most people prefer to
buy their 64s in Germany.
Compared with other 8-bit-
ters, 64s are probably the
most widespread machines
here; Sinclair Spectrums for-
merly held that distinction.
There are also some Atari,
Sord, and Sharp computers
around. As for 16-bit ma-
chines, the Amiga 500 is very
popular, as is the Atari line.
IBM compatibles are pur-
chased by business people,
but Apples and Macs are sel-
dom seen.
Commodore software isn’t
available in stores here. As far
as | know, there has never
been any means of buying soft-
ware for our beloved comput-
ers. As a result, 90 percent of
all programs around here are
pirated.
Here’s another reason why
pirating is so widespread: A
standard game costs about
750 crowns ($25), which is
about one-third of an average
monthly salary. Only a mad-
man would consider buying
software at that price. All over
Europe there are teams of soft-
ware crackers providing cop-
ies of pirated software, and pro-
grams without copy protection
spread quickly.
The most common way to
get software on disk or tape,
which is still popular here, is to
swap programs with your
friends. Another method is to
pick up a bunch of disks or a
couple of tapes and head for
a Commodore club. There are
two of them here in Prague,
and trading is popular. Mem-
bers might swap Bard's Tale
3 for Last Ninja 3 or Boulder
Dash for Maniac Mansion, or
possibly buy a 1541 brochure.
One club publishes instruction
manuals for programs and pe-
ripherals as well as for comput-
ers. The club is combined
with an Amiga group, which
has a bad effect on weaker
individuals, who, instead of
squeezing bytes out of their
64s, bounce off to Amigaland.
Club meetings usually take
place twice a month in a rent-
ed hall. Some tables are put to-
gether to form a counter for sell-
ing books and brochures; oth-
er tables are used for trading
and copying. Copying is per-
formed on 64s or 128s with
|
\
'
disk drive units or Datasette
tape recorders, which often
have some kind of homemade
adapter for smooth copying.
Members or visitors bring
equipment from home, since
the club doesn't provide com-
puters. Once a month, lec-
tures on computer topics are
held. Most of the people you
meet at a club are young.
I've noticed recently that
the number of Commodore
owners is slowly decreasing.
I'll try to explain why. The 64
and 128 are generally consid-
ered to be affordable game ma-
chines. A person who wants to
do word processing or some
other “serious” application
thinks of buying an IBM or com-
patible. Amigas are bought by
wealthier game players (or se-
rious users). Because some
people have never learned to
use their Commies fully, they
don't think much of them, and
they want to get rid of them.
Modems are almost un-
known here. This is due partly
to our rotting telecommunica-
tion system and also to public
ignorance of electronic bulle-
tin boards and E-mail. Moreo-
ver, long-distance calls are
extremely expensive. Just a
normal chat with an overseas
friend can swallow and digest
your salary in a jiffy.
Many new computer maga-
zines are showing up on our
newsstands, but several of
them are just translations of
German or other imported pub-
lications. Unfortunately, we
don't get COMPUTE, and
there isn’t a good magazine
available here that's dedicat-
ed to the 8-bit Commodores.
That's too bad because, as |
said, many Commodore own-
ers in Czechoslovakia often
never really learn what great
machines they have.
Emil Heyrovsky lives in Pra-
gue. He is the coauthor of Pad-
lock (January 1992). a
The 64
and 128 remain
popular in
Czechoslovakia,
along with
tape drives, user
groups—and
software pirates.
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE
G-21
G-22
COMPUTE JUNE 1992
GEOS
Steve Vander Ark
GRAPHIC SCRAPS
Since desktop publishing and
writing are what | do most with
GEOS, | collect graphics,
along with utilities to handle
them as efficiently as possible.
In earlier columns I've men-
tioned some of the better sourc-
es for GEOS graphics—Lamb
Art & Design, for example—
and suggested ways to con-
vert graphic images from oth-
er formats into GEOS.
After you've collected all
these terrific graphics, you
still have to get them into your
documents. Back in the Au-
gust 1991 column | mentioned
Scrap It, a utility which clips
photo scraps out of geoPaint
documents. Since many collec-
tions of artwork for GEOS
come in that form, Scrap It is
essential. Other collections
come in prepared photo al-
bums, such as the clip art
files from Susan Lamb (3575
East County 18th Street,
Yuma, Arizona 85365) and
those from GeoWorks itself
(GEOS Clip Art Disk, 2150 Shat-
tuck Avenue, Berkeley, Califor-
nia 94704). Graphics have to
make it into photo scrap form,
if they're going to be of any
use, because photo scraps
are the way GEOS moves im-
ages between applications.
A photo scrap is simply a
small chunk of bitmap, the dot
pattern that makes up a graph-
ic image. The GEOS operat-
ing system tags photo scraps
as system files and handles
them in a special way. You
can't rename a photo scrap,
for example, since applica-
tions are designed to look for
the filename PHOTO SCRAP
when you select a tool to im-
port a graphic into your docu-
ment. There can be only one
such file with that filename on
any given disk at a time. Pho-
to albums are collections of
such scraps, and the key to us-
ing photo scraps efficiently is
to handle albums efficiently.
The primary tool for han-
dling photo albums is the pho-
to manager desk accessory
(currently in version 2.1,
which works in 40- and 80-col-
umn modes). Since the photo
manager can access any of
the photo albums on the disk,
you use it to find the image
you want and copy or cut it in-
to an individual scrap. That
scrap can then be imported us-
ing the Edit menu functions.
So far that's basic GEOS op-
eration, and you've likely mas-
tered it already. But the more
graphics you collect, the
more you wish for a way to ac-
cess and organize them bet-
ter. The photo manager per-
forms its job admirably, but it
can’t access scraps on anoth-
er drive. This means your pho-
to albums, which are tremen-
dous disk-space eaters, must
be specially prepared for
each project, with only the im-
ages you'll require, or copied
in and out as needed. But
then if you want to create an
album of only the clips you're
likely to need, there's no easy
way to move them from one al-
bum to another without open-
ing and closing each album to
make a transfer.
Now if you've read this col-
umn before, you know that | on-
ly pose dilemmas if | have a so-
lution in mind. In the case of
photo scraps, there are sever-
al excellent utilities available
which can make all this shuf-
fling of graphics a breeze. The
program AlbumCopy by Mi-
chael Myers presents you
with a control panel which al-
lows you to select source and
destination albums and then
flip through the clips to
choose which ones you'd like
to transfer. It can't get much
easier than that! To download
it from Q-Link, request AL-
BUMCOPY, which was upload-
ed by GeoLib PH.
This utility is also handy for
reducing the size of any over-
size photo albums you've creat-
ed with earlier versions of
GEOS that the GEOS 2.0 pho-
to manager can't handle. This
happens because the version
2.0 albums hold only half as
many clips as those of the old-
er model—60 as compared to
120. If you'd rather just revert
to the old version so you can
work with the old photo man-
ager, get a copy of Album
Reverter, written by Joe Buck-
ley (ALBREV.SFX on Q-Link,
uploaded by Red Storm). This
utility reverses the update proc-
ess that the new photo manag-
er automatically performs
when you try to open an older-
style album.
But the single most helpful
program you can get for using
photo scraps comes in two in-
carnations, one a desk acces-
sory and the other an applica-
tion. Scrapgrab, the desk ac-
cessory version, lets you se-
lect a photo from an album or
ascrap on a disk in a different
drive. The application version,
identical except that it handles
larger scraps, is called Pho-
tograb. To download from Q-
Link, look for SCRAPGRAB
and PHOTOGRAB. GeoLib
PH uploaded both of these.
With these utilities you can
finally keep your photo collec-
tion where it belongs—on a
graphics collection disk—and
access your clip art when you
need it from within geoPublish
or other applications without
those albums taking up every
inch of disk space on your
main work disk. The addition
of these two files will let you ef-
fortlessly use your clip art, not
be strapped down by it.
Imagine a disk of photo al-
bums, all sorted into catego-
ries, which you can access,
browse through, and select
from at will as you geoPublish
along. You'll never again have
to drop out of your document
to track down a graphic when
you keep your graphics on a
library disk and Scrapgrab on
your work disk. Oo
The Gazette
Productivity 9
Manager <>
(Formerly PowerPak)
Harness the productivity
power of your 64 or 128!
Turn your Commodore into
a powerful workhorse, keep track
of finances, generate reports
in a snap, Manage your
money in minutes—
all with the new 1991
Gazette Productivity
Manager! Look at all
your 64/128 Productivity
Manager disk contains.
ORDER YOUR
1991 GAZETTE
PRODUCTIVITY
MANAGER
TODAY!
GemCalc 64 & 128—
A complete, powerful, user-
friendly spreadsheet with all
the features you'd expect
in an expensive commercial package
(separate 64 and 128 versions are included).
Most commands can be performed with a single keypress!
Memo Card—Unleashes the power of a full-blown
database without the fuss! Nothing’s easier—it’s a
truly simple computerized address file. Just type in
your data on any one of the index cards. Need to edit?
Just use the standard Commodore editing keys. (MasterCard and Visa accepted on orders with subtotal over $20).
Finished? Just save the data to floppy. What could be jf
easier? DYES! Please send me Productivity Manager disk(s)
($14.95 each).
Subtotal
Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appro-
priate sales tax for your area. Canadian orders, add
7% goods and services tax.)
—— Shipping and Handling ($2.00 U.S. and Canada, $3.00
surface mail, $5.00 airmail per disk.)
—— Total Enclosed
—Check or Money Order -_ MasterCard ~— VISA
Financial Planner—Answers all of those questions
concerning interest, investments, and money manage-
ment that financial analysts charge big bucks for! You
can plan for your children’s education and know
exactly how much it will cost and how much you need
to save every month to reach your goal. Or, decide
whether to buy or lease a new car. Use the compound
interest and savings function to arrive at accurate
Credit Card No.
estimates of how your money will work for you. ee (Required)
Compute the answer at the click of a key! Sarita &
Address
DON’T MISS OUT ON THIS | =: Tce
Send your order to Gazette 1991 Productivity Manager,
324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200, Greensboro, NC 27408.
POWERFUL WORKHORSE!
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PROGRAMMER’S PAGE
Randy Thompson
POKE, WAIT, AND SYS
Use this handy reference sheet when
you want to get your hands dirty muck-
ing around in your 64’s RAM, interro-
gating and manipulating memory, and
making unconventional (and often un-
authorized) direct calls to ROM.
Some commands will not work in im-
mediate mode and must be run from
within a program. Tips with an asterisk
have been known to cause side ef-
fects—but sometimes you need to
break a few rules to get the job done.
WAIT is probably the least utilized of
these three commands, so |'ll use the
rest of this column for a mini lesson in
its use. WAIT halts the execution of a
BASIC program until the contents of the
memory address meet the conditions
specified.
What all this means is that WAIT is a
great statement to simplify key fetches
and delays. Here are a few ways it can
be used in your programs.
10 WAIT 198,15:GET A$
This line waits for a key to be pressed.
10 WAIT 197,63:KEY=PEEK(197)
20 WAIT 197,64
Line 10 waits for a key to be pressed,
and line 20 waits for it to be released.
10 WAIT 653,1
20 WAIT 643,1,1
Line 10 waits for Shift to be pressed,
and line 20 waits for it to be released.
Change the 1 in each line to 2, and the
program waits for the press and re-
lease of the Commodore key. Substi-
tute a 4 to wait for the Ctrl key.
Contributors to this list of coding voo-
doo are Michael Hall of De Soto, Tex-
as; Jerry Krebs of Taylor, Texas; Stacy
Olivas of Graham, Washington; and He-
len Roth of Los Angeles, California.
“Programmer's Page” is interested in
your programming tips and tricks.
Send them to Programmer's Page,
COMPUTE's Gazette, 324 West Wen-
dover Avenue, Suite 200, Greensboro,
North Carolina 27408. We'll pay $25-
$50 for each tip we publish. a
G-24 COMPUTE JUNE 1992
Screen Command
POKE 646,C
POKE 53280,C
POKE 53281,C
POKE 53272,21
POKE 53272,23
POKE 53265,PEEK(53265) AND 239
POKE 53265,PEEK(53265) OR 16
POKE 211,C
POKE 214,R
SYS 59296
SYS 58726
SYS 59516
SYS 59626
SYS 59848
SYS 59749
Keyboard Command
POKE 198,0
POKE 650,128
POKE 650,127
POKE 650,0
POKE 649,1
POKE 649,0
POKE 649,10
POKE 808,239
POKE 792,193
POKE 808,234
POKE 808,237:POKE 792,71
WAIT 653,1
WAIT 653,2
WAIT 653,4
BASIC Command
POKE 818,32
POKE 818,237
POKE 775,200
POKE 775,167
POKE 774,0
POKE 774,24
POKE 204,0
POKE 204,255
POKE 19,65
POKE 19,0
System Command
SYS 58266
SYS 65126
SYS 64738
Miscellaneous Command
POKE 56325,R
POKE 54296, 15:POKE 54296,0
WAIT 56320, 16,16
WAIT 56321,16,16
SYS 62913
Function
changes cursor color (0-15)
changes border color (0-15)
changes background color (0-15)
switches to uppercase mode
switches to lowercase mode
turns off the screen display
turns on the screen display
moves cursor to specified column (0-79)
moves cursor to specified row (0-24)
Clears the screen and prints READY
homes the cursor
moves the cursor down
scrolls the screen up
scrolls the screen down"
inserts a line
Function
clears keyboard buffer
enables autorepeat for all keys
disables autorepeat for all keys
enables autorepeat for only the cursor keys,
space bar, and Inst/Del key (computer's default)
disables keyboard buffer
disables keyboard
returns keyboard to normal
disables Run/Stop key”
disables Restore key
disables Run/Stop-Restore and LIST*
reenables Run/Stop-Restore and LIST
waits for Shift to be pressed
waits for Commodore key to be pressed
waits for Ctrl to be pressed
Function
disables SAVE
enables SAVE
disables LIST
enables LIST
prevents line numbers from listing
resurrects lines numbers
turns on cursor during GET*
turns off cursor during GET
turns off question mark during INPUT*
turns on question mark during INPUT
Function
prints startup message and erases BASIC program
warm reboot (erases screen)
cold reboot (erases program)
Function
changes cursor blink rate (0-255, 58 is normal)
makes a click sound
waits for fire button of joystick in port 2 to be pressed
waits for fire button of joystick in port 1 to be pressed
prints the name of the latest loaded or opened file
PROGRAMS
FILE LOGGER
By Roger Bachelder
File Logger is a short two-part program
that will list all the files that you have on a
disk. It presents you with the disk’s BAM
title, the disk ID, and each file's starting
track and sector. File Logger's unique fea-
ture is that italso gives you each file's start-
ing and ending address.
Typing It In
The first part of File Logger is written en-
tirely in BASIC. To help avoid typing
errors, use The Automatic Proofreader
to enter the program. See ‘Typing
Aids” elsewhere in this section. After en-
tering the first part of the program, be
sure to save it to disk before exiting.
The second part of File Logger is writ-
ten in machine language. Use MLX
our machine language entry program,
to type it in. Again, see “Typing Aids.”
When MLX prompts, respond with the
following values.
Starting address: GAAO
Ending address: 6E07
Save this machine language program
as LOG.ML on the same disk as the BA-
SIC program. File Logger will automat-
ically load and run LOG.ML, so be
sure to save it with this filename.
Reading Disks
After the program runs, you'll see a
menu giving you the option to LOG
DISK or EXIT TO BASIC. Insert the
disk you want to check and enter 1.
You'll then be asked whether or not
you want the output sent to a printer.
File Logger will then read the direc-
tory and present you with the disk
name, ID, file type, track, sector, and
blocks. It will then ask you if you want
to see the starting and ending address-
es. It prints this information in hexadec-
imal notation.
FILE LOGGER
HE 10 IFPEEK(83@)=1THEN720
CQ 15 IFPEEK (27296) <>169THENLO
AD"LOG.ML",8,1
POKE8@8, 225: POKE146,0
POKE 53281,6:POKE53280,6
:CLR
DIMFS (10G) :TP$(@) ="XXX":
TP$(2)="PRG":TPS$ (1) ="SEQ
"
17
20
QJ
xs
JR 25
HG
QD
RH
RA
JE
DH
DQ
AJ
cD
PH
FI
GP
36
56
TPS (3) ="USR":TPS (4) ="REL
H$="@123456789ABCDEEF"
PRINTCHRS (142) ;"{CLR}
{DOWN} {BLK} (C) 1992 CoM
PUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL L
inp™
PRINT"{1@ SPACES}ALL RIG
HTS RESERVED"
PRINT" {DOWN} {WHT}
{9 SPACES}F ILE
{3 SPACES}L 0 GG E R"
PRINT"{3 SPACES}{35 T}"
PRINT" {DOWN}{28 SPACES}"
PRINT"{3 DOWN} 1 -~
{YEL}LOG DISK"
160 PRINT"{DOWN} {WHT} 2 ~~
126
136
146
156
176
186
196
260
216
226
2390
246
250
266
276
275
280
2998
295
360
365
316
{SPACE}{YEL}EXIT TO BAS
fel]
PRINT"{2 DOWN} {WHT} PLEA
SE SELECT (1 - 2):";:PO
KE204,0
GETAS
IFAS="1"THEN189
IFAS="2"THENPOKE204,1:P
RINTAS:END
GOTO136
PRINT"{CLR}{5 DOWN}
{WHT} SEND OUTPUT TO PR
INTER (Y/N) 2"; 2POKE204,
GETAS
IFAS="Y"THENPOKE204,1:P
RINTAS$: Z=4:GOTO230
IFAS="N"THENPOKE 204 ,1:P
RINTAS: Z=3:GOTO23G
GOTO190
PRINT" {CLR}{4 DOWN}
{WHT}LOOKING AT DIRECTO
RY...";:BMS=""sOPEN15,8
715,"I":0PEN3,8,3,"S"
CLOSE4:OPEN4,Z:DN=Z-3:T
B=10*DN
FORX=1T0142:GET#3,A$:NE
XT: PRINT". "3
FORX=1T016:GET#3,B$:BMS
=BMS+BS$:NEXT: PRINT". ";
GET#3,A$,A$:GET#3,I1$,1
2$
IFZ=4THENPRINT#4 ,CHRS (1
3) CHRS (13)
PRINT" {CLR}"; :PRINT#4,T
AB(TB);"{8 SPACES}BAM T
ITLE{13 SPACES}ID"
IFZ=3THENPRINT" {WHT}
{8 SPACES}{24 T}"
IFZ=4THENPRINT#4,TAB (TB
);"{8 SPACES}----------
1$+12$: PRINT" {WHT }
";:PRINT#4,TAB(TB) ;"
{8 SPACES}";:PRINT#4,BM
$;"{6 SPACES}";IDS
IFZ=4THENPRINT#4 ,CHRS (1
3) ;CHRS$ (13)
PRINT" {2 DOWN} {WHT}";:P
RINT#4,TAB(TB) 7"
{3 SPACES}TRK SEC BLKS
KA
SP
BG
BS
PJ
MR
JH
DX
KR
326
325
336
348
358
366
376
386
396
406
416
420
436
446
456
466
479
480
499
5008
516
520
536
540
550
569
578
586
599
600
619
629
630
{4 SPACES}FILENAME
{5 SPACES}TYPE"
IFZ=3THENPRINT" {WHT }
{3 SPACES}{33 T}"
IFZ=4THENPRINT#4, TAB (TB
);"{3 SPACES}-
FORJ=1T092:GET#3,A$:NEX
TJ
M=M+1:GET#3,K$,TS,SS$:1F
s$
FS =1T016:GET#3,
AS:FS=FS+A$:NEXTI
FORJ=1T016:GET#3,A$:NEX
TJ
L=0:IFAS<>""THENL=ASC (A
$)
PRINT#4,TAB(TB) ;"
{3 SPACES}";:PRINT"
{WHT }";
LS$=RIGHTS (STR$(L) ,2) : IF
LEFTS$(LS$,1)="_"THENLS="
"+RIGHTS (LS, 1)
IFASC (T$+CHR$ (@) ) =OTHEN
IFL=GTHEN560
TS=RIGHTS (STRS (ASC (TS) )
,2):IELEFTS$(T$,1)="_ "TH
ENTS="9"+RIGHTS (T$,1)
S$=RIGHTS (STR$ (ASC (S$) )
12): IFLEFT$(S$,1)="_ "TH
ENSS="6"+RIGHTS (S$,1)
K=ASC (K$+CHRS (8) ) ~128
IFK<10RK>5THENK=9
PRINT#4,TS$;"{2 SPACES}"
7? PRINT" {WHT}";
PRINT#4,S$;"{2 SPACES}"
7 PRINT" {WHT}";
PRINT#4,L$;"{3 SPACES}"
}:PRINT"{WHT}";
K$=TP$(K) : PRINT#4,FS;"
{SPACE}";:PRINT" {WHT }";
IFK=OTHENPRINT" {WHT }";
PRINT#4,KS: IFK<>2THEN52
6
FS$(Q)=F$:Q=Q+1
GET#3,A$: IFM<8THENGET #3
7AS,A$:GOTO54G
M=0 -
IFST=OTHEN340
CLOSE3
PRINT: PRINT" {DOWN} {YEL}
DISPLAY {WHT}START
{YEL}& {WHT}END {YEL}AD
DRESSES ({WHT}Y{YEL}/
{WHT }N{YEL}) {WHT}:";:PO
KE264,0
GETAS
IFAS="Y"THENPOKE204,1:P
RINTAS:GOTO618
IFAS="N"THENPOKE204,1:P
RINTAS: POKE83@,0:GOSUB9
60:RUN
GOTO578
SYS27296
PRINT #4,CHR$ (13) ;CHRS(1
3) : PRINT" {CLR}"
CLOSE3:X=-1
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE G-25
PROGRAMS
AX 646 PRINT"{WHT}";:PRINT#4,T | 6B46:16 6C C9 A7 AD 16 6C E9 SE | 6D76:60 1C 60 GG 26 4G 6G AD CA
AB(TB);"{5 SPACES}FILEN | 6B48:64 90 CC A9 62 AG G3 8D OF | 6N78:12 A2 G1 26 32 G3 36 SA 7F
AME{9 SPACES}START 6B56:0F 6C 8C 16 6C AY 45 26 11 | 6D8G:A9 G2 85 BA AB BO BO B6 34
{3 SPACES}END" 6B58:E7 6B 20 AE FF 78 AD @@ 2A | 6D88:29 87 C9 82 DO 21 AE 96 3A
CK 645 IFZ=4THENPRINT#4,TAB(TB ID 29 63 85 11 89 26 8D A3 | 6D90:64 BD 97 64 D9 G3 G6 FO E7
7"{5 SPACES}- 6B68:06 DD 2C 6@ DD 76 FB 18 FC | 6D98:98 C9 2A FG 23 C9 3F DB CD
6B70:AD 11 D@ 29 67 69 2F 8D D8
CA 650 IFZ=3THENPRINT" {WHT 6B78:24 6C AS OG 8D 15 DG 85 99
{5 SPACES}{29 T}"
FE 669 X=X+1l:IFFS$(X)=""THENPOK
E830,8:GOSUB9@0G: RUN 6DCG:A4 GA C8 8C 5G G1 DG G3 7D
RC 67@ PRINT" {WHT}";:PRINT#4,T 6DC8:29 88 03 BE G1 G6 B9 66 BS
AB(TB);"{5 SPACES}";FS( | 6BA@:B9 D@ G4 AG C3 A4 C4 86 34 | 6DDG:G6 FO 11 36 GF 26 32 G3 76
C8 E8 EC 95 64 99 ED 68
A® D9 G3 G6 FO 11 18 1A
GA 69 26 96 CC AE 61 26
AD 66 66 D@ BD FO 1A DB
xX) p" "3 6BA8:AE 84 AF A2 G3 AG OG E8 9B | 6DD8:1G EE 8C 5G G1 AQ FF 8D 4A
DC 680 FORV=16TO1STEP~1:PS$=MID | 6BBG:BD 60 6E Bl AE E6 AE DO BE | 6DEG:G0 66 30 E4 AQ 12 26 D1 39
$(E$(X) ,V,1) 6BB8:02 E6 AF EC Gl 6E 96 EF El | 6DE8:03 AO G1 4C 69 FO G8 BO D7
PC 694 IFPS=CHR$(160)THENNEXTY | 6BC@:AD 90 6E DG BC 20 D4 6B C4 | GDFG:31 39 39 31 26 4c 4F 47 65
KH 706 FS=LEFTS (FS (X) ,V) 6BC8:98 30 G6 A6 AE A4 AF 18 A2 | 6DF8:2D 4D 2F 4C AG AG AG AG D1
JF 710 POKE830,1:LOADF$,8,1 6BDG:60 4C 30 F5 AD 12 6C 85 64 | 6EGG:F6 BG G6 GO BG GO GO BG 5B
GP 72G A=PEEK (828) :B=PEEK (829) | 6BD8:11 AD 13 6C 8D G6 DD AD A2
AH 730 PRINT"{WHT}"; :GOSUB78G pa ee Roger Bachelder does his program-
XC 740 PRINT#4,"{2 SPACES}"; 3
7 ming in Salem, Oregon.
JH 750 A=PEER(175):B=PEEK(174) | SBF 9:90 30 13 A9 FR 20 93 FF CO 2 7
6BF8:AG OG BY GC 6C 20 AB FF 4D
EF 760 PRINT" {WHT}"; :GOSUB786 %
SB 77@ PRINT#4:GOTO66G 6COG:C8 CH G6 98 F5 60 20 D4 7D
6C08:6B 4C 67 F7 4D 2D 45 62 BS
Se ea racar ey thctay | Sete! DEMO MAKER
90:W=B:GOSUB790: RETURN 6C16:93 26 66 97 GB 2C BB DD 7A
6C18:58 FB AG G8 38 A6 11 EA 95
Ee OOO END ale) RaW de Le 6C20:AD 12 Dd £9 32 90 a4 29 12 | BY Danny English ,
XA 800 AS=MIDS$(H$,J+1,1):BS=MI | ¢099:97 FG F5 GE GO DD ga go Fp | Cleating acolorful, eye-catching demon-
DS (HS,I+1,1) 6C30:20 AA EA EA 24 80 AD @@ 4g | Stration can be a difficult task, butit's a
ze aan ERNIE PAG BE RETURN 6C38:DD 4A 4A EA 4D 06 DD 4a Fa | snap with Demo Maker. You can create
2 6C40:4A EA EA EA 4D @@ DD 4A 75 i i
PC 905 PRINT" {HOME}{23 DOWN} 6C48:4A 45 11 4D G6 DD 8E G6 23 BS Soe oe en matertontl,
{BLU}{7 SPACES}PRESS AN | 6C5@:DD EA 99 @@ 6E C8 DG C4 G3 y P rd peters
Y KEY TO CONTINUE" 6C58:60 FO 3F A9 G8 8D ad 18 az | 2 Key. When you save your finished de-
SB 910 FORDE=1T0100:GETAS:IFAS | 6c6G:A2 G1 AS 22 DG G2 A9 12 95 | MOON disk, itcan be loaded and run like
<>""THEN95@ 6C68:85 66 86 67 AD BG 26 25 3c | aBASIC program.
ae aoe SEC HOMEN to CONN) 6C70:03 AX EG 29 25 63 C9 G2 1E You can use Demo Maker as a loader
6C78:B@ F2 8D GO 18 6G A2 GO OF | withi i .
{WHT}{7 SPACES}PRESS AN | 6C80:86 F9 8D 98 62 9D 5B G2 95 a ea aeNe Sele eae
Y KEY TO CONTINUE" 6C88:4C C6 D5 85 G6 86 B7 18 BC Pre Ory L
CH 94@ FORDE=1T0100:GETAS:IFAS | 6C96:68 69 G1 8D 76 G3 68 BD GF | aN exciting title to your own creation. The
<>""DHEN95B 6C98:77 63 AS G6 20 D1 63 ad Fa | Vivid raster display will add luster to the
FR 945 NEXT 6CAG:G6 85 31 26 GA F5 56 FE CD | dullest program.
GF 946 GOTO905 6CA8:B8 AD G1 1C 91 30 C8 DG DA
CD 950 RETURN SCBO:F5 AG BA 56 FE BB AD Ol 40 | Typing It In
SCBB:1C 99 BG G1 C8 DG F4 20 A | Demo Maker consists of two programs
LOG.ML 6CCO:EO FB 20 £9 FS C5 3a FO 17 | [OMe eneIs pICgl ape:
b 6CC8:05 A9 GS 4C 69 F9 4c 1E DD he first part is written entirely in ma-
6AAG:A9 CB 8D 36 G3 AY 6A 8D 5G | 6CDG:04 GBF 87 BD G5 GB G3 69 84 | chine language. You must enter this pro-
6AA8:31 63 60 86 GG AD AS 2 62 | 6CD8:41 GE 66 GC G4 BA G2 BB 8B | gram with MLX, our machine language
6ABG:30 63 AY F4 8D 31 63 60 7A | 6CEG:00 20 C5 G3 AG BG BO BO 23 “Topi ‘del i
6AB8:00 8C 3C G3 BE 3D 63 69 38 | 6CE8:06 4A 4A 4A 4A 48 BO BO 2C SU aU Se Fe -
6ACG:85 93 A8 DG 13 8C EF 6D 77 | 6CFG:06 29 GF AA BD 78 G3 AA 24 A
6AC8:B1 BB C9 24 FG BA AG BA 98 | 6CF8:A9 G1 8D GG 18 2c ad 18 22 | Prompts you, respond with the values
6ADG:EG G8 96 G4 EG GC 96 G5 C7 | 6DGG:DG FB 8E 6G 18 8A GBA 29 3c | given below.
6AD8:A5 93 4C AS F4 Bl BB 99 C8 | 6D68:0F 8D 6G 18 68 AA BD 78 31
6AEG:F@ 6D C8 C9 3A DG G3 8C EG | 6D1G:03 8D BG 18 GA 29 OF EA 4F | Starting address: 3F7B
6AE8:EF 6D C4 B7 90 EF 8C EE 71 | 6D18:8D 00 18 C8 DG C8 AD 8 4E | Ending address: 4A7A
6AF@:6D 20 AF F5 AS 1l 8D 12 78 | 6D2:8D 9G 18 4D GG 1C 8D G@ 25 b
6AF8:6C AD G@ DD 8D 13 6C AD 8C | 6D28:1C 66 38 85 96 E5 22 FO 85 Mier) cb y
6B@G:15 DS 8D 14 6C A9 59 AG E5 | 6D30:41 49 FF 18 69 G1 6A AE 91 | When you've finished typing, be sure
6B08:6C 85 AE 84 AF A9 GG AG 59 | 6D38:9G 1C A8 36 G3 CA 88 2C B2 | to save the program to disk with the
6B10:03 8D OF 6C 8C 18 6C AD a oe gs Be a Bs mm an AD He name DEMO.CODE. The second part
6B18:57 26 E7 6B AG OG Bl AE 6D | 6D48: é :
6B20:20 A8 FF C8 CB 2G 96 F6 5C | 6D5G:1C AQ BF 8D O5 18 2C G5 54 a rat Maker will load this program
6B28:20 AE FF 18 98 65 AE 85 79 | 6D58:18 30 FB 98 D@ D9 A5 6 93 y inatname. oe ee
6B3G:AE 96 G3 E6 AF 18 98 6D CD | 6D60:85 22 20 4B F2 85 43 AD 21 Demo Maker's editor is written en-
6B38:0F 6C 8D GF 6C 96 G3 EE EE | 6D68:06 1C 29 9F 1D 1A @4 8D S@ | tirelyin BASIC. To help avoid typing er-
G-26 COMPUTE JUNE 1992
rors, use The Automatic Proofreader to
enter this program. See “Typing Aids”
again.
Raster Magic
When both programs are saved on
disk, load the BASIC Demo Maker and
type RUN. The demo code will be load-
ed, followed by the menu screen.
Creating a demo with the editor is
very simple. Use the cursor keys to
move the pointer up and down the op-
tions. To change colors, move the point-
er to the color you wish to change and
press the + or - keys. The colors will cy-
cle forward or backward to the color
you desire.
The raster colors are all coded by
shades. For example, shades of red in-
clude brown, pink, and orange.
Shades of yellow are actually a rain-
bow of colors. For effect, the large
scrolling raster is split in half, allowing
two shades to be seen at once.
Text Options
The demo screen has a scrolling text
display in the lower screen, fading or
flashing text in the middle, and large ti-
tle text at the top. There are options on
the menu to edit all of these. To select
one of the options, move the pointer
and press Return.
Because of the way the text is
stored, a special text-entry routine is
used that doesn’t allow you to use the
cursor keys. You simply type from left
to right, however, and the cursor will
wrap around normally. The Delete key
does work in its normal fashion. Press
Return when you've finished entering,
and the text will be stored in the demo.
The large title letters were created us-
ing a special character set. This char-
acter set doesn’t contain punctuation
marks or numbers; therefore, use only
letters A to Z when entering the title.
In the center of the screen is a
large section of text that's fading or
flashing. The menu has options to con-
trol the color and speed of the fading.
Notice that the top and bottom lines of
this text appear on rasters in the demo.
The color of these lines is specified in
the menu by the text on raster color.
Saving the Demo
You can preview your demo at any
time by pressing the space bar. Press-
ing the space bar again will return to
the menu. When the demo looks the
way you want it, move the pointer to
the save option and press Return.
You'll then be asked if it should boot an-
other file. If you enter Y, you'll be
prompted for the filename and SYS ad-
dress if it's a machine language pro-
gram. If you enter N, the program will
tell the demo to return to BASIC after
viewing.
The next prompt is the filename for
the actual demo. Saving the program
takes more than a minute, but then it
can be loaded and run like a BASIC pro-
gram. If the demo is to boot another
file, be sure to save it on the same
disk. After watching the demo, press
the space bar to continue.
Feel free to experiment with color
combinations and creative text dis-
plays. Whether you're making the title
to a game or just an attractive display,
Demo Maker will amaze you.
DEMO.CODE ; should be OB
3F7B:08 6B 9E 32 36
3F83:36 34
3F8B:EA EBA
3F93:EA EA
3F9B:EA EA
3FA3:18
3FAB:25
3FB3: 26
3FBB:A9
3FC3:AG
3ECB:FB
3FD3:E4
3FDB:E4
3FE3:E4
3FEB:DG
3PF3:85
3FFB:85
4003: 20
400B: 20
4013:20
401B:20
4023:20
402B:13
4933:13
463B:09
4043:12
464B:6D
4053: 20
405B:20
4063:20
406B: 20
4073:28
407B:26
4083:63
408B: 20
4993:18
409B:13
40A3:20
40AB: 20
68
OG
EA
EA
EA
78
4GB3:26
4G0BB:26
46C3:26
46CB: 2G
49D3:14
4GDB: 26
4GE3:14
4GEB:G5
4GF3:20
4GFB:20
4163:26
416B:26
4113:26
411B:26
4123:12
412B:290
4133:909
413B:20
4143:2G6
414B:20
4153:2G
415B:26
4163:290
416B:05
4173:69
417B:GF
4183:61
418B:06
4193:26
419B: 26
41A3:29
41AB:26
41B3:26
41BB:2¢
41C3:26
41CB: 26
41D3:298
41DB: 20
41E3:05
41EB:05
41F3:61
41FB:GE
4263:14
420B:6F
4213:26
421B:2E
4223:61
422B:6D
4233:13
423B:GE
4243:26
424B:68
4253:0D
425B:15
4263:26
426B:26
4273:GF
427B:65
4283:0C
428B:99
42933290
429B:14
42A3:0C
42AB:14
42B3:0C
42BB: G2
42C3:61
42CB: GF
42D3:05
42DB:14
16
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE G-27
PROGRAMS
42B3:14
42EB:05
42F3:10
42FB:09
4303:05
436B:13
4313:61
431B:07
4323:16
432B:20
4333:2E
433B:08
4343:14
434B:6D
4353:26
435B:GE
4363:13
436B:20
4373:1F
437B:76
4383:78
438B:70
4393:78
439B:78
43A3:78
43AB:78
43B3:03
43BB:06
43C3:78
43CB:78
43D3:7C
43DB:7C
43E3:78
43EB:76
43F3:78
43FB:76
4463:78
440B:83
4413:78
441B:78
4423:76
442B:38
4433:38
443B:86
4443:FG
444B:3E
4453:3C
445B:1C
4463:62
446B:62
4473:3C
447B:3C
4483:CG
448B:78
4493:38
449B:06
44A3:7C
44AB:1C
44B3:3C
44BB:3C
44C3:3C
44CB:3C
44D3:3C
44DB:82
44E3:1C
44EB:1C
44F3:1C
44FB:38
4503:38
456B:3C
G-28
78
FG
COMPUTE
E@ CO FG
JUNE 1992
4523:70
452B:76
45DB:3C
45E3:1E
45EB:GE
45F3:1C
45FB:GE
4663:00
460B:86
4613:1C
4633:78
463B:06
4643:1C
464B:1C
esssnoanasnana
46BB:1D
46C3:16
46CB:A2
46D3:D8
46DB: 36
46E3:47
46EB:B9
46F3:26
46FB:EF
4763:4D
476B:47
4713:47
471B:CD
4723:20
472B:B9
4733:306
473B:DC
4743:4C
474B:DG
4753:15
475B:68
4763:095
476B:6F
4773:GF
477B:88
4783:08
478B:G3
4793:6C
479B:90
47A3:65
47AB:43
47B3:54
47BB:4F
47C3:45
47CB:52
47D3:CD
47DB:C7
47E3:07
47EB:F5
47F3:69
47FB:FF
4863:69
480B:85
4813:A5
481B:4C
4823:04
482B:69
4833:9D
483B:D0
4843247
484B:67
4853:18
485B:49
4863:C9
486B:D5
4873:CG
487B:58
4883:AG
488B:C8
4893:99
489B:28
48A3:FG
48AB:F1
48B3:AD
48BB:A9
48C3:CF
48CB:Al
48D3:F3
48DB:61
48E3:F2
48EB:47
48F3:608
48FB:8D
4963:CE
490B:C7
4913:CF
491B:08
4923:B9
492B:45
4933:E3
493B:C8
4943:DG
494B:8D
4953:14
495B:1A
4963:bDG
496B:8D
8D
c8
De
62
6B
G1
gc
G9
OA
63
Ol
62
20
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47
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61
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4973:29
497B:00
4983:02
498B:FD
4993:00
499B:CO
49A3:A9
49AB:D2
49B3:00
49BB: 40
49C3:2F
49CB:41
49D3:20
49DB:AD
4963247
49EB:86
49F3:CF
49FB:F3
4A93:20
4RGB:C9
4A13:93
4A1B:AD
4A23:20
4A2B:2A
4A33:2A
4A3B:00
4043340
4A4B: 68
4A53:FF
4A5B:4C
4A63:A9
4A6B:79
4A73:04
5B
4c
A2
De
99
60
G2
26
AG
B9
EF
48
oo
6D
AG
ag
8D
49
CA
26
Ag
62
B8
2A
2A
AQ
FF
BA
cg
52
G2
8D
Cl)
FF
4D
Cy)
F8
A7
26
AQ
D2
CT)
EF
DO
AD
26
48
41
66
F2
20
48
5E
ao
Do
G2
2A
2A
19
AQ
FF
O1
8D
Ag
7A
06
58
47
CA
6a
G2
LS
93
FF
B9
40
EF
oF
83
AD
A2
8D
CF
CF
AS
49
85
G1
G2
2A
2A
A2
Uy)
26
FG
Teh
4E
82
Ui)
FS
23
F2
99
96
13
63
53
Dl
D4
Wi
BS
08
DE
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6B
72
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23
53
F2
6c
56
BE
47
oF
DL
1A
54
82
3c
47
4A
DEMO MAKER
BA 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 COMPU
SA
HD
ss
CG
PD
AA
RF
KS
RD
PH
QE
AE
CE
26
36
4G
50
66
76
86
90
126
136
146
TE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
IF A=@ THEN A=1:LOAD"DEM
0.CODE",8,1
DIM C$(15),V(9) ,R(4)
FOR X=@ TO 15:READ A$:CS$
(X) =AS:NEXT
FOR X=G TO 9:READ A:V(X)
=A:NEXT
FOR X=@ TO 44:READ A:POK
E X+32768,A:NEXT
R(G) =1:R(1)=2:R(2)=5:R(3
)=6:R(4)=7
TS="YES":S=1185:KS="A":X
=0
BS="{WHT}-
POKE53272,23:POKE53281,
6: POKE5328G,11
PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN} {7}
{16 SPACES}** DEMO MAKE
R **e"
PRINT"{2 DOWN}
{3 SPACES}{WHT}TITLE LE
TTERS{2 SPACES}COLOR:
£6¥"CS(V (GB) )
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {WHT}SC
ROLLING TEXT COLOR: {6}
"C$ (V(1))
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {WHT}TE
XT ON RASTER COLOR: {6}
CE
HD
Dx
FJ
DG
SG
QR
156
166
176
186
196
260
216
226
230
246
256
260
276
280
296
386
310
320
330
340
356
360
370
386
396
406
416
426
"C$ (V(2))
PRINT" {3 SPACES} {YEL}MI
D BACKGROUND COLOR: {7}
"C$ (V(3))
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {YEL}LO
W BACKGROUND COLOR: {7}
"C$ (V(4))
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {GRN}MA
IN RASTER{2 SPACES}PART
1: €3}"C$(V(5))" SHADE
s"
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {GRN}MA
IN RASTER{2 SPACES}PART
2: £3}"C$(V(6))" SHADE
3"
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {GRN}SM
ALL RASTER COLORS:
{PUR} "CS(V(7))" SHADES"
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {GRN}MI
DDLE FADER COLORS:
{PUR}"C$(V(8))" SHADES"
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {CYN}FA
DER SPEED (6 TO 10):
{PUR} "V(9)
PRINT"{3 SPACES}{YEL}AN
IMATE TITLE: {6}"TS$
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {WHT }EN
TER TITLE TEXT"
PRINT"{3 SPACES}ENTER
CROLLING TEXT"
PRINT"{3 SPACES}ENTER M
IDDLE TEXT"
PRINT"{3 SPACES} {CYN}SA
VE THE DEMO"
PRINT"{2 DOWN} {6}
{4 SPACES}PRESS SPACE T
O PREVIEW THE DEMO"
SC=S+X*40:POKE SC,62:PO
KESC+54272,1
GET CS$:IFCS$="{DOWN}" AN
D X<14 THEN POKESC,32:X
=X+1
IFCS="{UP}"AND X>@ THEN
POKESC, 32:X=X-1
IF C$ <> "+" THEN 356
IF X<=4 THEN IF V(X)<15
THEN V(X) =V(X)+1:GOTOL
oo
IF X=9 THEN IF V(X)<10
{SPACE}THEN V(X) =V(X)+1
:GOTO168
IF X<=8 THEN IF V(X)<7
{SPACE}THEN 480
IF C$ <> "-" THEN 396
IF X<=4 THEN IF V(X)>@
{SPACE}THEN V(X) =V(X)-1
:GOTO100
IF X=9 THEN IF V(X)>0 T
HEN V(X) =V(X)-1:GOTO106
IF X<=8 THEN IF V(X)>1
{SPACE}THEN 566
IF X=10 AND C$=CHR$(13)
THEN 460
IF X=11 AND
THEN 770
IF X=12 AND
THEN 646
IF X=13 AND
ln
CS=CHRS (13)
CS=CHRS (13)
CS=CHRS (13)
HX
SP
PX
PR
AD
PF
FE
430
446
456
466
478
480
496
506
510
520
530
546
558
560
576
580
596
606
610
626
638
646
656
666
678
686
698
708
719
720
730
746
756
THEN 766
IF X=14 AND C$=CHR$(13)
THEN 1168
IF C$="_" THEN POKE 189
85,2:GOSUB 940:SYS 1869
8:GOTO 100
GOTO 280
IFTS$="YES" THEN TS="NO"
:GOTO10G
IFTS$="NO" THEN TS="YES"
:GOTO180
V(X) =V(X)+1:1F V(X) =3TH
ENV (X) =5
GOTO106
V(X) =v (X)-1:1F V(X) =4TH
ENV (X) =2
GOTO106
REM * TEXT INPUT *
M=@
PRINT"{RVS}{WHT} {OFF}"
;
GET CS$:IFCS=""THEN55@
PRINT" {LEFT} {LEFT}";:
FCS=CHR$(13)THEN RETURN
IFC$<>CHR$ (20) THEN610
IF M=QTHEN54@
M=M-1: PRINT" {LEFT}
{LEFT}"; :IFM<1THEN53@
GoTO546
IF C$="{F1}"THEN RETURN
IFM>=LE OR (CS$<" "ORCS>
"2") THENS4G
M=M+1:PRINTCS$; :GOTO546
REM * SCROLLING TEXT *
PRINT CHR$(147)BS"
{16 DOWN}"BS"{YEL}
{DOWN}ENTER THE SCROLL
{SPACE}TEXT NOW."
PRINT" {DOWN}PRESS <RETU
RN> TO STORE,{2 SPACES}
<F1l> TO ABORT {HOME}
{WHT } {DOWN}";
FOR Y=16864 TO 17263:PO
KE Y-15860,PEEK(Y) :NEXT
:LE=398:GOSUB 520
IF C$<>"{F1}"THEN FOR Y
=1064 TO 1463:POKE Y+15
800,PEEK(Y):POKE Y,42:N
EXT) -
GOTO106
REM * MIDDLE TEXT *
PRINT CHR$(147)BS"
{12 DOWN}"BS"{YEL}
{DOWN}ENTER THE MIDDLE
{SPACE}TEXT NOW.
{2 SPACES}FIRST AND
PRINT"LAST LINES ARE TE
XT ON RASTERS."
PRINT" {DOWN}PRESS <RETU
RN> TO STORE,{2 SPACES}
<F1> TO ABORT {HOME}
{WHT } {DOWN} ";
FOR Y=16384 TO 16863:PO
KE Y-15320, PEEK (Y) :NEXT
tLE=479:GOSUB 520
IF C$<>"{F1}"THEN FOR Y
=1664 TO 1543:POKE Y+15
320,PEEK(Y):POKE Y,42:N
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE G-29
PROGRAMS
768
778
786
798
800
810
826
830
846
850
866
876
886
890
906
916
926
930
940
959
966
976
986
998
EXT Y
GOTO168
REM * TITLE *
PRINT CHRS$(147)B$"
{2 DOWN}"BS"{YEL} {DOWN}
ENTER THE TITLE LETTERS
“NOW.”
POKE1084,45:POKE1124,45
PRINT" {DOWN}18 LETTERS
{SPACE}PER LINE (SPACES
INCLUDED) "
PRINT"NO PUNCTUATION IS
ALLOWED IN TITLE."
PRINT" {DOWN}PRESS <RETU
RN> AT END OF EACH LINE
iW
FOR Y=18341 TO 18360:P=
Y-17277:V=PEEK(Y):IF V<
>32 THEN V=V-64
POKEP,V:NEXT
FOR Y=18361 TO 18386:P=
Y-17257:V=PEEK(Y):IF V<
>32 THEN V=V-64
POKEP,V:NEXT
PRINT" {HOME} {WHT} {DOWN}
"+; :LE=19:GOSUB529
PRINT: LE=19:GOSUB5206
FOR Y=1664 TO 1683:P=Y+
17277: V=PEEK(Y) : IF V<>3
2 THEN V=V+64
POKEP,V:POKE Y,42:NEXT
FOR Y=1104 TO 1122:P=Y+
17257: V=PEEK(Y) :IF V<>3
2 THEN V=V+64
POKEP,V:POKE Y,42:NEXT
GOTO1G8
REM * CUSTOMIZER *
PRINT" {CLR}"
AD=18333:POKE AD,V(9):P
OKE AD+1,V(2):POKE AD+2
7V(@):POKE AD+3,V(1)
POKE AD+4,@0:IF TS$="YES"
THEN POKE AD+4,1
POKE AD+6,V(3):POKE AD+
7,V(4)
REM * RASTERCOL *
1666 Y=32768:FOR T=6 TO 3:1
F R(T)<>V(7) THEN Y=Y¥+
9:NEXT
1610 A=18312:GOSUB1696
1626 Y=32768:FOR T=@ TO 3:1
F R(T)<>V(8) THEN Y=Y+
9:NEXT
1036 A=18321:GOSUB1696
1046 Y=32768:FOR T=6 TO 3:1
F R(T) <>V(5) THEN Y=Y+
9:NEXT
1656 A=18264:FOR T=Y TO Y+7
:FOR U=@ TO 2:POKE A,P
EEK(T) :A=A+1:NEXT U:NE
xT T
1069 Y=32768:FOR T= TO 3:1
F R(T)<>V(6) THEN Y=Y¥+
9:NEXT
1670 A=18288:FOR T=Y TO Y+7
:FOR U=6 TO 2:POKE A,P
EEK(T) :A=A+1:NEXT U:NE
xT T
COMPUTE JUNE 1992
XF
AB
1686
1696
RETURN
FOR T=Y TO ¥+9:POKE A,
PEEK (T) :A=A+1:NEXT: RET
URN
REM{2 SPACES}* SAVE *
GOSUB 949: INPUT"{CLR}
{WHT} {DOWN} SHOULD DEMO
BOOT ANOTHER FILE? Y
{3 LEFT}";A$
IF AS="N" THEN POKE 18
985,2:GOTO 1200
PRINT"{CLR}{2 DOWN}"BS
"{YEL}ENTER THE NAME O
F FILE TO BOOT"
PRINT" (TYPE '*' AT END
OF NAME) {HOME}": POKE1
080,45:LE=15:GOSUB526
FOR Y=1064 TO 1679:A=Y
+17922:V=PEEK(Y):IF V
{SPACE}> @ AND V < 27
{SPACE}THEN V=V+64
POKE A,V:NEXT: PRINT
INPUT"{4 DOWN} {CYN}ENT
ER SYS (RETURN=BASIC)"
7SY
IF SY=6 THEN POKE18985
,1:GOTO 1206
POKE 18985,6:H=INT (SY/
256) :L=SY-256*H:POKE 1
9636,L:POKE 19637,H
INPUT" {CLR} {2 DOWN}
{WHT}FILENAME OF DEMO"
7FS
PRINT"{2 DOWN} {GRN}SAV
ING DEMO...";
OPEN2,8,2,"G:"+FS+",P,
w"
PRINT#2, CHRS$ (1) ;CHRS(
8)5
FOR J=16252 TO 19064:P
RINT #2,CHR$ (PEEK (J) ) ;
IF ST > @ THEN PRINT"
{SPACE}ERROR DURING SA
VE": PRINT#2:CLOSE2:END
NEXT:CLOSE2:PRINT" NO
{SPACE}ERRORS":END
DATA BLACK,WHITE,RED,C
YAN, PURPLE, GREEN, BLUE,
YELLOW
DATA ORANGE,BROWN,LT R
ED,DK GRAY,MED GRAY,LT
GREEN,LT BLUE,LT GRAY
DATA G,1,11,6,5,1,2,6,
75
DATA G,11,12,15,1,1,15
plaid
DATA 0,9,2,8,10,10,8,2
9
'
DATA 8,5,3,13,1,1,13,3
5
a
DATA 0,6,14,3,1,1,3,14
6
,
DATA 16,7,13,3,14,3,13
77,18
QE 1190
KJ 1116
AB 1120
EX 1136
CF 1146
XM 1156
1166
1178
AQ
XF
DD 1186
sc 1196
MF 1260
PK 1219
BG 1226
XH 1236
HB 1246
cs 1256
PG 1260
AM 1276
HA 1286
JP 1296
BK 1300
SF 1316
KF 1326
XD 1336
FF 1346
Danny English is a frequent contributor
who lives in Moreno Valley, California.
F/X PLOT 128
By Kevin Davis
At one time or another, any student of
mathematics has had to deal with coor-
dinate plane graphing. Graphing calcu-
lators have been recognized by educa-
tors as helpful tools for understanding
graphs, but these calculators can cost
up to $300.
While programs such as Arbplot exist
for Apple and IBM computers, few are
available for 8-bit Commodores. F/X Plot
128 tries to change this. The program it-
self was designed using the popular TI-
81 as abenchmark. It's amenu-driven, us-
er-friendly, colorful program designed to
make good use of the 128's high-resolu-
tion graphics in 40-column mode.
Entering the Program
F/X Plot 128 consists of a main pro-
gram and a sprite. The main program
is written in BASIC 7.0 and should be
entered with The Automatic Proofread-
er to avoid typing errors. See “Typing
Aids" elsewhere in this section.
The sprite data used to create an on-
screen pointer or tracer is written in ma-
chine language. Enter it with MLX, our
machine language entry program. See
“Typing Aids’ again. When MLX
prompts, respond with the following val-
ues.
Starting address: OE00
Ending address: OE3F
Be sure to save the program as F/X
PLOT.SPR on the same disk as the
main program. The main program
loads this data when it runs.
When you first run F/X Plot, the top
of the screen will be jumbled. Clear the
screen from the Options menu, press
Run/Stop-Restore, and then run the pro-
gram again. This process is required on-
ly when you first run the program.
From then on, you'll see a screen di-
vided into quarters with a menu at the
bottom. The program is completely
menu driven. First, let's look at the Op-
tions menu. Press 4.
With this menu, you'll be presented
with five numbered options. Press the
number in front of the one you want.
Simultaneous/Sequence F/X Plot can
hold formulas for up to four graphs.
Simultaneous will graph all selected for-
mulas at the same time. Sequence
graphs them one at a time. Always se-
lect Sequence when you have only
one formula to graph. (Sequence is al-
so a little faster in this case.)
Enable/Disable Formulas You can
toggle here to enable or disable cer-
tain formulas. Only the enabled ones,
denoted by their numbers appearing in
reverse mode, will be graphed.
Clear Graphics Screen This will
clear the graphics screen and return
you to the Main menu.
Set Tracer Speed This option allows
you to set the speed at which the trac-
er moves. A smaller number will move
more slowly but will be more accurate.
Three is the default.
Connected/Dotted This works ina
fashion similar to the Enable/Disable tog-
gle. The formulas set to Connected
will draw a line between each plotted
point. Experimentation with the pro-
gram will give you an idea of when it’s
a good idea to set formulas to Connect-
ed. Connected formulas are in reverse.
Use the Esc key to move from the Op-
tions screen to the Main menu. Here
are the Main menu options.
Set Range Set the X-Minimum (the
least x value graphed), X-Maximum
(the greatest x value graphed), Y-Min-
imum, and Y-Maximum. Defaults are -
10 to 10 on both axes. The resolution
(scaling) of the graph is determined by
the distance between the maximum
and minimum values. In other words, a
range of -1 to 1 will appear much clos-
er in (like a zoom lens) and have a high-
er resolution than -100 to 100. For trig-
onometric graphs, use plus or minus
3.14 as pi and plus or minus 6.28 as
two pi.
Tracer The Tracer requires a joystick
in port 2. When you choose this, you'll
see the range values and a gray de-
vice somewhat like cross hairs in the up-
per left corner of the screen. Its speed
is controlled from the Options menu.
You're shown the x-coordinate and y-
coordinate of the cross hairs as they
move around the screen. This option
can be helpful in evaluating certain
points along the graph.
In order to zoom into a section of the
graph, move to the upper left corner of
the rectangular section you want to
zoom into and press and release the
fire button. There will be a bell tone
and a brief pause. Then move the
cross hairs to the lower right corner
and do likewise. This process sets the
next range of values. Use the Esc key
to exit, select Clear from the Options
menu, and choose Graph from the
Main menu to proceed.
Graph This is the most important, and
easiest, function of F/X Plot. It graphs
the enabled functions on the screen.
Each function is graphed in its corre-
sponding color as shown in the Enable/
Disable menu. As each point is
graphed, its x and y values are printed
at the bottom of the screen. The coor-
dinates of the last five points graphed
are visible at the bottom of the screen.
To pause the graphing, use the No
Scroll key.
If the program attempts to graph a
value that BASIC cannot handle (such
as the point on an asymptote in a trig-
onometric function), a bell tone will
sound, and that point won't be
graphed. An error-trapping routine pre-
vents the program from stopping. It'll
just move on to the next value.
Plotting Functions
F/X Plot comes with four formulas al-
ready entered, but, naturally, you'll
want to enter your own. These are
stored as DEF DN statements in lines
60-90. The BASIC DEF FN command,
however, cannot be implemented from
program mode. In order to set or
change the formulas, you must exit the
program by pressing the Run/Stop-
Restore keys simultaneously. Type
LIST 60-90 and press Return.
Then use the cursor keys to edit
each line with the formula of your
choice for FN(A), FN(B), FN(C), and
FN(D). Remember to press Return after
entering your formulas. Then run the
program again.
All formulas must be entered using
BASIC’s normal mathematical com-
mands. These include SIN, COS, LOG,
TAN, ABS, and operators +, -, *, and /.
Anyone who has ever done any pro-
gramming should be familiar with
these operators and their use. New us-
ers may want to check the appendix
dealing with mathematical commands
in the 128 System Guide for the prop-
er format.
Helpful Hints
While the program can graph only four
functions at once, the graphics screen
isn't erased when you stop the pro-
gram. If you want to graph more than
four formulas, graph the first four, exit
the program, change the formulas, run
the program again, and graph the sec-
ond group. The graphs will overlap as
long as you make sure that the ranges
are the same.
Don't wait until the night before your
big geometry examination to learn how
to use F/X Plot 128! It's a powerful and
versatile program that can be utilized ful-
ly only by thorough use and repeated
experimentation.
While the theory is untested, I'd imag-
ine that any program that captures the
hi-res split screen and sends it to a print-
er could be used to make hardcopies
of any graphs you create.
F/X PLOT 128
RP 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 COMPUT
E PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
{2 SPACES}ALL RIGHTS RESE
RVED
HX 10 CLR: XM=~10:XX=10: YM=-10:
YX=10:SP=3:EA=1:EB=1:EC=
1:ED=1:TRAP 1899
DIMJA (8) :DIMJB(8) :FORKQ=
1T08:READJA (KQ) :NEXT
BLOAD("E/X PLOT.SPR")
FOR KQ=1T08:READJB(KQ) :N
EXT
POKE53286,@: POKE53281,0
DEF FN A(X)=XT2
DEF FN B(X)=X+4
DEF FN C(X)=((SIN(X)))
DEF FN D(X)=(~1*(SQR(X))
SA 26
RK 39
Ps 46
MA 50
AQ 66
PF 70
EJ 86
QK 9G
)
MA 1060
MM 119
KS 126
GRAPHIC 4,0
REM DRAW ZEROS
IF XM<@ AND XX>@ THEN X
Z=1
IF YM<@ AND YX>@ THEN Y
Z=1
GOSUB 848
SLEEP1:GOTO89@
GOSUB 776
IF XZ<>1 THEN 270
REM DRAW X-~ZERO
AM=ABS (XM) :XL=AM/XR
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE
RP 130
RR 156
FR 169
MB 200
CG 210
SM 220
DG 236
G-31
PROGRAMS
DA 240 XL=166*XL FD 700 IF XD>YX OR XD<YM THEN NU{7}{2 SPACES}"
BE 250 COLOR 1,16 {SPACE}740 HX 1636 PRINT"{RVS}{H}3{N}
GG 260 DRAW 1,XL,@ TO XL,159 DF 716 QP=YX-XD:FP=QP/YR:CP=16 {OFF} CLEAR GRAPHIC SC
FH 276 IF YZ<>1 THEN 326 6*FP:COLOR1,11:DRAW1,TT REEN"
KR 286 YQ=ABS (YM) :YU=YQ/YR 7cP EF 1648 PRINT" {RVS}{H}4{N}
SK 296 YL=160*YU:YL=166-YL XB 72@ IF TT=G OR CQ<>1 THEN74 {OFF} SET TRACER SPEED
HB 300 IF YL>16G OR YL<@ THEN 6 in
{SPACE}320 JC 73@ DRAW1,TT,CP TO ID,PD:ID | GM 1050 PRINT" {RVS}{H}5{N}
DB 314 COLOR2,16:DRAW1,8,YLTO1 =TT: PD=CP {OFF} CONNECT/DOTTED";
59,YL AE 740 IF EA=1 OR EB=1 OR EC=1 | XX 1060 GETKEY GKS$: IFGK$=CHRS (
EG 320 REM PLOT OR ED=l1 OR SS=@9 THEN N 27) THEN 890
EE 330 XS=XR/160:YS=YR/160 EXT TT PK 1678 GK=VAL(GKS) :IF GK>50RG
MH 340 UX=@:UY=0 AP 758 IF EA=@ AND EB=@ AND EC K<1THEN1G68
FD 356 FOR TT=@TO159 =@ AND ED=@ THEN 760 BS 1986 ON GK GOTO 1699,1160,1
JJ 360 IF EA=0 THEN 46¢ EJ 768 GOTO890 370,1466,1696
JX 370 XA=FNA((XM+(TT*XS) )) BC 776 IF XX<=@ AND XM<=@ THEN | RB 1699 PRINT"{CLR}{26 DOWN}
BA 386 PRINT" {CYN}X="( (XM+(TT* XR=ABS (XM) ~ABS (XX) {GRN}1] SEQUENCE (GRAP
XS) ))TAB(2G) "Y="XA BF 780 IF XX>@ AND XM<@ THEN X HED IN ORDER)"
RK 398 IF XA>YX OR XA<YM THEN R=ABS (XM) +ABS (XX) PR 116@ PRINT"2] SIMULTANEOUS
{SPACE}45@ MG 796 IF XM>@ THEN XR=XX-XM {SPACE} (GRAPHED AT SAM
460 QP=YX-XA:FP=QP/YR:CP=16 | AM 860 IF YX<=9 AND YM<=@ THEN E TIME)"
G*EP YR=ABS (YM) ~ABS (YX) SS 1110 GETKEY GK$:GK=VAL(GK$)
416 COLOR 1,4 HR 810 IF Y¥X>@ AND YM<@ THEN Y : IFGK=1THENSS=1
426 DRAW 1,TT,CP R=ABS (YM) +ABS (YX) GQ 1120 IF GK=2 THEN SS=6
430 IF TT=6 OR CA<>1 THEN4S | AD 82@ IF YM>@ THEN YR=YX-YM CF 1130 IF GKS$=CHR$(27) THEN 8
6 GP 830 RETURN 90
440 DRAW1,TT,CP TO IA,PA:IA | FP 848 REM PIC FP 1149 IF SS<GORSS>1THEN1110
=TT:PA=CP FE 850 PRINT"{CLR}{26 DOWN}"; HM 1158 GoTO89a
456 IF SS=1 THEN NEXT TT XP 860 PRINT" {YEL}{40 @}" MR 1160 PRINT"{CLR}{2@ DOWN}
466 IF EB=@ THEN 579 DJ 876 PRINT"{YEL}{16 @}{3}F {1}PRESS FORMULA TO EN
476 IF SS=1 THEN UX=@:UY=G: {CYN}/{7}xX {6}PLOT{YEL} ABLE (HI-LIGHTED)"
FOR TT=9 TO 159 {16 @}" JS 1178 PRINT"OR DISABLE.
480 XB=FNB((XM+(TT*XS) )) CX 889 RETURN {RVS}RETURN{OFF} EXITS
496 PRINT"{GRN}X="((XM+(TT* | BD 896 GOSUB84G:PRINT" {6} -"
XS) )) TAB (20) "Y="XB {RVS}{H}1{N}{OFF} SET R | KH 1189 IF EA=1THENPRINT"{7}
50@ IF XB>YX OR XB<YM THEN ANGE VALS{2 SPACES} {RVS}{G}1{N}{OFF}";:GO
{SPACE}566 {RVS}{H}2{N} {OFF} USE T 701206
516 QP=YX-XB:FP=QP/YR:CP=16 RACER" JA 1196 IF EA<>l THEN PRINT"
G*FP AH 990 PRINT" {RVS}{H}34{N} 7d us
528 COLOR1,6 {OFF} GRAPH FUNCTION EX 1200 IF EB=1THENPRINT"{GRN}
536 DRAW 1,TT,CP {2 SPACES} {RVS}{H}4{N} {RVS}{H}2{N}{OFF}";:GO
540 IF TT=6 OR CB<>1 THEN56 {OFF} OPTIONS" 701220
@ DB 916 GETKEY GK$:GK=VAL(GKS$): | PP 1219 IF EB<>l THEN PRINT"
550 DRAW1,TT,CP TO IB,PB:IB IF GK>4 OR GK<1 THEN 91 {GRN} 2 ";
=TT: PB=CP @ RS 1220 IF EC=1THENPRINT"{YEL}
560 IF SS=l1 THEN NEXT TT RG 9296 ON GK GOTO 939,1456,176 {RVS}{H}3{N}{OFF}"; :GO
570 IF EC=@ THEN 660 1996 : 701249
580 IF SS=l THEN UX=@:UY=@: | PG 930 REM SET VALUES KH 1236 IF EC<>l THEN PRINT"
FORTT=6T0159 ~ | MX 946 INPUT"{CLR}{28 DOWN}X-M {YEL} 3 ";
590 XC=EFNC ( (XM+(TT*XS))) INIMUM [XMIN]";XM PQ 1249 IF ED=1THENPRINT"{3}
66@ PRINT"{YEL}X="((XM+(TT* | KB 956 INPUT"X-MAXIMUM [XMAX]" {RVS}{H}44N}{OFF}";:GO
XS) )) TAB (20) "Y="xXC 7XxX TO1260
618 IF XC>YX OR XC<YM THEN MD 966 INPUT"Y-MINIMUM [YMIN]" | CQ 1259 IF ED<>1 THEN PRINT"
{SPACE}650 7¥M {3} 40";
626 QP=YX-XC:FP=QP/YR:CP=16 | QG 976 INPUT"Y-MAXIMUM [YMAX]" | QX 1268 GETKEY CD$:IFCDS=CHRS (
O*FP:COLOR1,8:DRAW1,TT, 7¥X 13) THEN89G
cP GM 988 PRINT"{CLR}":GOTO899 JR 127@ CD=VAL(CD$) : IFCD>40RCD
636 IF TT=6 OR CC<>1 THEN65 | PD 9946 REM OPTIONS MENU <1THEN126¢
6 MJ 1606 PRINT"{CLR}{19 DOWN} BB 1284 IF CD=l AND EA=@ THEN
648 DRAW1,TT,CP TO IC,PC:IC {8 SPACES}{7} {SPACE }EA=1:GOTO1396
=TT:PC=CP {26 SPACES}" EP 1299 IF CD=l1 AND EA=1 THEN
GB 650 IF SS=1 THEN NEXT TT QP 1916 PRINT"{RVS}{H}1{N} {SPACE}EA=G
KR 6690 IF ED=@ THEN 749 {OFF} SIMULTANEOUS/SEQ | BG 1368 IF CD=2 AND EB=9 THEN
GD 670 IF SS=1 THEN UX=@:UY=@: UENCE{3 SPACES}{3}0PTI {SPACE} EB=1:GOT01326
FORTT=9T0159 ONS{7}" KE 1319 IF CD=2 AND EB=l THEN
PF 686 XD=FND((XM+(TT*XS))) XM 1926 PRINT"{RVS}{H}2{N} {SPACE} EB=G
SR 690 PRINT"{3}X="( (XM+ (TT*XS {OFF} ENABLE/DISABLE F | SB 1326 IF CD=3 AND EC=@ THEN
))) TAB (26) "Y="XD ORMULAS{3 SPACES}{3}ME {SPACE }EC=1:G0T01340
G-32 COMPUTE JUNE 1992
DD
1338
1346
1358
1366
1376
1386
13968
1406
1416
1426
1436
1446
1458
1468
1476
1486
1496
1506
1519
1529
1536
1546
1556
1569
1576
1586
1596
1686
1618
1628
1636
1648
1656
1666
1676
1689
1696
1706
IF CD=3 AND EC=1 THEN
{SPACE} EC=6
IF CD=4 AND ED=@ THEN
{SPACE }ED=1:GOTO1360
IF CD=4 AND ED=1 THEN
{SPACE}ED=6
PRINT"{UP}":GOTO 1180
PRINT"{CLR}{22 DOWN}
{WHT}CLEAR SCREEN: ARE
YOU SURE?"
GETKEY YNS:IF YNS="Y"T
HENGRAPHIC4,1
GOTO 890
PRINT" {CLR}{21 DOWN}
{PUR}"
PRINT"CURRENT SPEED:
{WHT} "SP: PRINT" {PUR}EN
TER NEW VALUE [1-5]"
GETKEY SPS$:IF SP$=CHRS
(27) THEN8 98
SP=VAL(SP$):IF SP<10RS
P>5THEN1429
GoT089¢0
REM TARGET~SCAN
ZX=XM: ZY=YX
PX=17: PY=-209: PN=0
PRINT"{CLR}{33 DOWN}"
PRINT" {YEL}X-MIN: "XM""
TAB (20) "X-MAX: "XX: PRIN
T"Y-MIN: "YM" "TAB (20) "Y
~MAX: "YX
SPRITE1,1,2,0
MOVSPR1, PX, PY
GOSUB770
XS=XR/160:YS=YR/168
JS=G:JIS=JOY (2)
IF JS>128 THEN154¢
IF JS=128 THEN 1660
PX=PX+ (JA (JS) *SP) :PY=P
Y+(JB(JS) *SP)
MOVSPR1, PX, PY
ZX=XM+ (.5*( (PX-17) *XS)
) :ZY=YX~((PY+269) *¥S)
PRINT" {6} {HOME}
{21 DOWN}X="ZX""TAB (26
)"y=" (ZY)
GETX$: IFX$=CHRS$ (27) THE
NGOTO163@
JS=6:GOTO1540
SPRITE1,@
GOTO890
DATA 8,1,1,1,8,-1,-1,-
1,-1,-1,0,1,1,1,9,-1
PN=PN+1:IF PN=l1 THEN A
X=ZX:AY=ZY: PRINT CHR$(
7) :SLEEP1:GOTO1548
IF PN=2 THEN BX=ZX:BY=
ZY:PRINT CHRS$(7) :XM=AX
:XX=BX: YX=AY: YM=BY:GOT
01548
GOTO1549
PRINT"{CLR}{2@ DOWN}
{PUR}SELECT DOTTED OR
{SPACE}CONNECTED /
{RVS}RETURN{OFF}"
IF CA=1THENPRINT"{7}
{RVS}{H}1{N} {OFF}
701726
QD 1719 IF CA<>1 THEN PRINT"
L751 13
IF CB=1THENPRINT" {GRN}
{RVS}{H}2{N}{OFF}";:GO
701740
IF CB<>1 THEN PRINT"
{GRN} 2 ";
IF CC=1THENPRINT"{YEL}
{RVS}{H}3{N}{OFF}";:GO
701766
IF CC<>1 THEN PRINT"
{YEL} ae
IF CQ=1THENPRINT"{3}
{RVS} {H}4{N}{OFF}";:GO
T01786
IF CQ<>1 THEN PRINT"
£33,407
GETKEY SQS:IFSQS=CHRS (
13) THEN899
SQ=VAL (SQ$) : IFSQ>40RSQ
<1THEN178¢
IF SQ=1 AND CA=6 THEN
{SPACE }CA=1:GOT01820
IF SQ=1 AND CA=1 THEN
{SPACE}CA=0
IF SQ=2 AND CB=@ THEN
{SPACE}CB=1:GOTO1846
IF SQ=2 AND CB=l THEN
{SPACE}CB=0
IF SQ=3 AND CC=@ THEN
{SPACE }CC=1:GOTO1860
IF SQ=3 AND CC=1 THEN
{SPACE}CC=9
IF SQ=4 AND CQ=@ THEN
{SPACE}CQ=1:GOTO1886
IF SQ=4 AND CQ=1 THEN
{SPACE}CQ=8
PRINT" {UP}":GOTO 1708
REM ERROR TRAP ROUTINE
IF ER=1l OR ER=14 OR E
R=20 OR ER=10 OR ER=15
THEN PRINT" {G}";:RESU
ME NEXT .
PRINT" PROGRAMMING ERRO
R:"
PRINT" {RVS}";:PRINTERR
$(ER);:PRINT" {OFF}"
PRINT"{8}IN LINE"EL
END
Gx 1726
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KS 1746
BE 1758
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1778
1788
1796
1860
1816
1826
1838
1846
1858
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1876
1886
1896
19696
1916
AC 1926
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GE30: 00
GE38:06
Kevin Davis is the author of Sport
Card Collector (November 1991). F/X
Plot 128 helped him survive honors ge-
ometry this year at Trinity Preparatory
School in Winter Park, Florida.
SPRINT Ill
By Farid Ahmad
Commodore BASIC isn't exactly known
for its speed. It's not the language itself
that's at fault, however; it's the way the
computer implements the language. BA-
SIC is interpreted. Most faster languages
are compiled.
Before a computer can execute any
program, the commands must be con-
verted into the machine language of the
computer. Every time a statement in an in-
terpreted language is run, the computer
musttranslate it. This slows execution con-
siderably. A compiler, however, trans-
lates the entire program before it runs.
This boosts execution speed.
Sprint lll isa BASIC compiler that sup-
ports a subset of BASIC statements avail-
able to the 64. Earlier versions of the pro-
gram were published in January 1986
and January 1988. Sprint Il added sever-
al features to its original version, but
there was still room for improvement.
Entering the Program
Sprint Ill is written entirely in machine
language. To enter it, use MLX, our ma-
chine language entry program. See
“Typing Aids” elsewhere in this sec-
tion. When MLX prompts, respond
with the following values.
Starting address: 0801
Ending address: 1D40
Be sure to save a copy of Sprint Ill be-
fore exiting MLX.
Using the Program
A typical session with Sprint Ill might
start with the following commands.
LOAD “Sprint Iil”,8,1
NEW
SYS32768
At this point your screen will turn
black and BASIC pointers will be adjust-
ed. You'll also see a SYNTAX ERROR
message, which you should ignore,
and a READY prompt. Now you can
load a BASIC program or start to write
one from scratch, You may run your pro-
gram at any time for testing. When you
are ready to compile it, use either the
SYS32768,E or SYS32768,F command.
These and other Sprint Ill commands
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE G-33
PROGRAMS
are explained below. When the compila-
tion finishes, you can run your com-
piled program or save it as usual.
If you want to make some correc-
tions or modifications to your program,
use the SYS32768,L command to load
your BASIC program from the RAM
disk. After it's edited, the program can
be compiled as before.
Commands
All Sprint Ill commands consist of a
SYS statement followed by a comma
and a single letter. The following com-
mands are available.
SYS32768,F Saves the BASIC pro-
gram to the RAM disk and then com-
piles it. The entire source program is
listed during compilation. It also locks
the RAM disk.
SYS32768,E Same as above except
that Sprint lists only lines containing an
error.
SYS32768,L Loads your source pro-
gram after a compile operation. Un-
locks the RAM disk.
SYS32768,U Unlocks the RAM disk.
A Better Way
One of the advantages of using Sprint
Il was speed. You could save the
source code on disk; run Sprint Il; and
get a compiled program in memory,
ready to run. However, if you wanted to
make corrections or modifications to
your program, you had to load the
source code, modify it, save it back to
disk, and compile again. Since a pro-
gram almost never works perfectly with-
out a debugging session, this proce-
dure soon became tedious.
There's a better way. Sprint III turns
Sprint into a RAM-based compiler.
Now, when you compile your program,
the source code is saved to a RAM
disk and is compiled from there. When
compilation is finished, you have two
versions of your program in memory:
the compiled program in the normal BA-
SIC working area and the source pro-
gram in the RAM disk.
Suppose Sprint Ill has reported
some errors during compilation or you
simply want to make some modifica-
tions. You issue the load command to
G-34 COMPUTE JUNE 1992
the RAM disk, and within seconds,
your BASIC source program is back,
ready for editing and recompiling.
Speed
Apart from the convenience of not hav-
ing to save and load repeatedly,
Sprint Ill also reduces compilation
time by more than half. For even faster
compiling, you're given the option of list-
ing the entire BASIC program during
compilation or listing only those lines
that contain an error. If you choose the
error-only option, time for compiling is
reduced to less than one-fourth that of
Sprint Il.
Other Options
A list pause has been provided. When
a BASIC program is being listed to the
screen during compilation, hold down
any control key to freeze the display.
This is useful for writing down any er-
rors reported by Sprint Ill.
One potential mistake that can oc-
cur when using Sprint Ill is the one of
accidentally compiling a program
that's already compiled. Suppose that
you want to load the source program
but give the compile command by mis-
take. The BASIC program in the RAM
disk would be overwritten by the com-
piled program, and you'd lose your
source code. To prevent this, the RAM
disk is automatically locked after each
compilation. This prevents you from us-
ing the compile command. It'll be un-
locked automatically when you load
your source program, or you can use
the unlock command if you wish to
start a new program.
Expressions
Sprint Ill works much the same as BA-
SIC, but as with Sprint Il there are
some differences you should keep in
mind when programming.
Strings are limited to ten characters
unless specified otherwise. If you
want to include more characters, dimen-
sion the string as if it were an array.
In numeric expressions, parenthe-
ses aren't allowed. Unlike interpreted
BASIC, expressions are evaluated strict-
ly from left to right; there's no operator
precedence. To get around this, you
must break up the expression into sev-
eral smaller expressions and then put
the results back together. For example,
the following expression:
SUM =A+X*Y+B+I*J
becomes
Q1 = X*Y: 02 =I*J:
SUM = A +01+B+02.
You may get a NOT SUPPORTED error
message if the statement is legal in
Commodore BASIC but illegal in
Sprint lll. You may get a SYNTAX ER-
ROR message if a keyword is mis-
spelled or extra parentheses are
used.
Memory Organization
Memory locations $A000-$C7FF and
$E000-$FFFF are used by the RAM
disk. Since this is an 18K area of mem-
ory, the BASIC program must fit within
this length. You'll be warned if you ex-
ceed this limit. A full 30K, however, is
available for the compiled program. Al-
so, if you run your BASIC source pro-
gram for testing, a full 30K of working
area is available for strings, variables,
and so on, It's only the BASIC program
text that shouldn't exceed 18K.
Sprint Ill is designed to stay resident
in memory while you edit your BASIC
programs. Therefore, it moves down
the top of the BASIC area pointer to pro-
tect itself. To set this pointer, you can
either use a Sprint Ill command before
running a BASIC program or use
SYS32768 without a letter. The second
method will produce a SYNTAX ER-
ROR message, but the pointer will be
adjusted. Also, when the pointer is set,
the list pause will become available for
BASIC editing.
Updates from Sprint Il
Programmers who may have disassem-
bled Sprint Il may be interested in the
following changes.
The address $8000 now jumps to
$ABO0 where the new routines reside.
The interface routine sets some point-
ers and also the colors. It then looks for
a comma followed by a letter. If a val-
id command is found, the appropriate
routines are called to move programs
to or from the RAM disk.
In Sprint Il, addresses $825E and
$80A2 called a subroutine to initialize
the disk file. They now call a new short
routine at $802B which initializes the
new input from the RAM disk routine.
The area $8COD-$8C45 contained
calls to a Kernal routine to get a byte
from disk. These calls have been
changed so that the new input from
the RAM disk routine is called at
$8815.
The instruction at $C800 has been
changed from LDA#$CO to LDA#$C8.
As a result, Sprint now uses the memo-
ry area $C800 onward for line number
storage.
When the E command is used, the
JSR$8AAC instruction at $82B6 ad-
dress is bypassed, preventing each
line from being listed. Also the instruc-
tion at $8A85 is changed from
JSR$888C to JSR$8850. Address
$8850 contains a short routine to print
the current line.
When Sprint Ill is used for the first
time, it places the list freeze subroutine
at $CFEC-$CFFF. | use Sprint III with a
multifunction cartridge that causes prob-
lems if the freeze routine is placed be-
tween $8000 and $A000.
SPRINT Ill
9861:0B 68 76 17 9E 32 34 36 GE
G809:37 6G GG BG 26 20 26 26 96
@811:26 26 20 20 26 AG C4 BY G6
G819:3C 68 99 F8 6G BY FD 68 F6
@821:99 33 63 88 D@ Fl AG G9 4C
@829:B9 6C 68 99 FF G3 88 DG Al
@831:F7 A9 Dl 85 2D AQ 24 85 18
@839:2E 4C G6 G1 16 66 G6 D1 93
9841:24 B8 1B B9 6E G9 99 EB 44
@849:07 C8 D@ F7 EE 62 G1 EE 19
@851:05 61 C6 F9 DG ED A2 G3 23
@859:20 34 63 FG 33 C9 87 DG 95
@861:16 A2 G1 26 34 63 DB GA AG
@869:A2 G4 28 34 63 18 69 G7 65
6871:16 65 A2 GA 20 34 63 85 1D
9879:A8 AS A7 85 A9 AS FE 85 FB
@881:F7 AS FF 85 F8 29 6C G3 73
@889:A5 F8 85 FF AS F7 85 FE 72
@891:E8 26 34 G3 DG 1E A2 68 21
@899:26 34 63 AG G2 84 AB 85 2A
@8A1:A6 18 A5 FC 65 A6 85 F7 58
@8A9:A5 FD 65 A7 85 F8 20 6C EF
68B1:03 4C 13 G1 E8 26 34 G3 FB
@8B9:DG 1C AG G3 84 AB EB 26 36
G8C1:34 G3 FO 68 A2 G8 26 34 F4
@8C9:G3 4C 5C G1 A2 BD 26 34 C7
@8D1:63 E6 A7 4C SC @1 E8 26 AF
G8D9:34 63 DO GA E8 26 34 G3 B2
G8E1:18 69 G4 A8 DG D6 EB 26 37
G8E9:34 63 D@ GA A2 G2 26 34 21
G8F1:03 18 69 G6 D@ ED A2 G8 A2
@8F9:26 34 03 DO E6 AD BB 85 F7
G901:A7 A4 FB FG GC G6 FA 2A 37
0909:26 A7 C6 FB CA D@ F2 A8 D8
G911:60
@919:85
@921:FF
0929:FF
9931:61
G939:22
9941:C6
G949:A8
G951:F7
G959:A9
9961:F8
G969:01
G971:9A
G979:09
G981:FE
G989:34
9991:8D
6999366
@9A1:68
G9A9:6A
G09B1:34
G9B9:A9
69C1:76
69C9:C9
G9D1:E9
G9D9: 8B
O9E1:FF
G9E9:3B
G9F1:Al
G9OF9:AS5
GAG1:34
GAG9:38
GA11:CB
GA19:D3
GA21:C9
GA29:0C
GA31:69
GA39:CB
GA41:ED
GA49:74
GA51:66
GA59:66
GA61:42
GA69:84
GA71:C9
GA79:38
GA81:26
GA89:GF
GA91:05
GA99:72
GAAL:E9
GAA9:BD
GAB1:F5
GAB9:07
GAC1:8C
GAC9:16
@AD1:95
@AD9:17
GAE1:89
GAEQ:A4
GAF1:14
GAF9:A5
@BG1:86
@BG9:D1
GB11:A4
@B19:0C
@B21:06
@B29:19
@B31:85
9B39:8D
48
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58
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61
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FF
85
94
38
76
2a
40
cg
63
2B
DG
44
E7
cé6
60
6c
G1
GE
85
26
95
G1
81
CE
DE
6c
85
98
3
80
a7
66
A6
37
36
68
42
94
A2
69
B8
E6
ES
67
DL
g8
0B41:86
@B49:4C
0B51:76
@B59:48
@B61:E6
GB69:94
@B71:EG
@B79:DG
@B81:A9
GB89:AA
@B91:C8
@B99:A2
GBA1: 86
@BA9:85
@BB1:88
GBB9: 87
G@BC1: 26
@BC9:11
@BD1: 06
@BD9: 82
@BE1:3C
@BE9: 62
@BF1:96
GOBE9:05
6CG1:40
GCO9:CO
GC11:62
0C19:68
GC21:AG
6C29:86
@C31:C6
6039238
0C41:62
6C49:34
GC51:B9
9C59:90
GC61:A9
@C69:C2
0C71:2F
9C79:8D
6C81:8A
6c89:61
9C91:28
@C99:A5
@CA1:F8
GCA9:65
@cB1:Cl
@CB9:EG
@CC1:AB
6CC9:G2
@CD1:F5
@CD9:C2
GCE1:6C
@CE9:DG
@CF1:4C
GCF9:GF
@DG1:65
@DG9:41
@D11:FO
@D19:2A
6D21:58
@D29: 4E
@D31:04
@D39:F7
@D41: 43
@D49:C8
@D51:87
@D59:B8
9D61:17
9D69:58
DO
16 8C
4A 25
11 72
2c A5
2D 36
68 92
41 60
FO AQ
88 Fl
A7 Ad
DC 82
DG E8
GE 5E
83 CD
84 49
B8 EG
34 69
98 73
CSet7
46 68
19 85
86 66
A3 1A
F3 OF
AQ 1A
3D 95
32 2E
FA 8D
2E FO
F7 6C
DO EA
4c 13
38 4D
2c 96
05 68
D1 OF
7c 69
33 48
47 46
OF B6
9D 85
76 9C
1c AS
2E FC
A5 3F
@2 62
D8 C3
D@ 15
48 84
9E DC
84 40
Ag 81
89 7B
88 G4
27 52
G1 93
AS CO
13 C8
95 10
71 2B
2A C5
57 Dl
19 Bo
4E 90
14 91
@5 A3
@2 75
GE 36
12 12
oo 14
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE
EG
AC
68
2C
71
16
14
EO
15
Bl
80
FO
85
84
85
45
94
1A
BO
F8
14
El
4c
26
BA
Ci)
AS
1F
12
Ol
5c
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ce
DA
68
2c
61
BE
E8
58
46
68
40
E2
FO
8E
9D
4c
E6
E8
58
ag
cD
60
68
83
85
14
18
AS
38
1D
G2
F8
19
36
2E
84
26
3c
gc
1A
72
ED
c7
83
1l
96
8A
@D
33
86
83
84
83
4E
A6
18
41
98
OA
19
83
8A
A2
7E
8D
6C
3D
62
17
18
66
6G
5D
85
3c
43
a4
31
AT
2A
BE
68
ag
E6
23
cé
98
69
EF7
32
B9
69
cc
53
58
cs
62
cs
DA
38
1A
96
16
@3
60
1D
CE
46
48
14
F7
9c
E5
AS
AB
DD
A6
78
61
BS.
De
36
82
5B
16
98
FF
8B
CA
9E
FA
El
AC
B9
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CA
3F
13
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8B
80
F8
4G
76
EC
78
AG
G2
2F
A2
El
AC
ahh
66
Dg
11
83
82
E9
9D
73
43
58
7E
7A
19
4E
86
EG
AA
El
41
FC
60
19
Fl
2E
12
G-35
PROGRAMS
@D71:92
@D79:81
@D81:3F
@D89:85
@D91:D5
@D99:AF
GDA1:6B
ODA9:FO
@DB1: 26
@DB9:45
@DC1:DG
@DC9:72
@DD1:61
@DD9:3C
@DE1:8¢6
G@DE9:34
@DF1:3A
GODF9: 80
GEG1:20
GEG9:83
@E11:6C
GE19:E0
GE21:86
@E29:05
@£31:43
@E39:C2
GE41:00
GE49:61
GE51:Al
GE59:1C
@E61:C5
GE69:76
@E71:41
GE79:83
GE81:8C
GE89:7B
GE91:8A
@E99:4B
@EA1:BD
GEA9: 39
@EB1:CE
GEBY: 33
@EC1:2A
@EC9:5A
GED1: 34
GEDI: 60
GEE1:33
GEE9:8C
GEF1:95
OEF9:C7
GFG1:02
GFO9:E2
GOF11:11
GF19:49
OF21:E0
GF29:37
@F31:9D
GF39:84
OF41:B5
GF49:4C
@F51:61
GF59:60
GOF61:F5
GF69:52
GF71:A6
GF79:FG
GF81:88
GF89:25
GF91:67
GF99:61
G-36
94
3F
cc
FD
68
85
86
2E
co
E2
@D
86
@4
6D
9E
7B
FO
1c
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51
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AQ
AS
77
58
@D
79
7A
CA
54
14
78
2A
43
cs
48
96
26
Bl
o4
cD
41
36
A3
B8
69
cg
ic
45
81
86
43
41
2F
8D
86
2E
8c
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OA
37
62
4c
83
88
EA
97
89
89
89
COMPUTE
E7
Oo
69
7A
82
BA
83
3B
FG
80
25
36
D8
OF
18
GE
4c
88
22
09
1c
16
B4
B3
62
3F
18
DG
FA
21
04
4c
3B
17
26
66
5c
95
67
7D
B4
4c
2B
48
B7
36
3c
61
EO
91
86
E8
32
08
88
AE
E2
Ur)
Ui)
86
68
AE
oo
31
69
cs
19
89
89
89
GE
1E
1c
FF
85
66
CA
FO
39
51
bg
B3
De
19
66
05
El
4c
Bo
c3
4c
DB
20
91
22
84
16
E9
66
36
E4
62
2B
85
58
8E
23
07
GF
07
19
FA
61
20
8E
44
BS
ol
06
14
Al
78
88
cg
AD
6B
EC
47
v3
73
6B
35
1l
AS
Ol
Da
60
49
96
B7
JUNE 1992
86
OF
Ag
61
@D
OF
84
5A
A6
AS
72
78
Dg
86
9c
cD
c3
86
2B
EG
6B
ce
38
98
OF
82
c3
68
2A
76
FO
61
22
AC
9A
39
91
5F
04
4c
9c
66
66
8B
FF
Da
54
F2
66
Fl
22
OA
OF
65
AG
58
6B
A2
16
89
Oo
GE
Bo
68
16
66
6G
59
A2
cD
GFA1:DE
@FA9:24
@FB1:5D
GFB9:87
GFC1:7F
GFC9:C4
@FD1:42
@FD9:6C
@FE1:EO
GFE9:00
GFF1:6D
GFF9:C8
1001:D6
1669:79
10611:76
1619:E8
1621:2D
1629385
1631:81
1639:4C
1641:91
1649:4E
1051:4F
1659:59
1661:43
1669:41
1671:45
1679:4D
1681:E9
1089:DC
1691:86
1999:52
16A1:37
16A9:4E
16B1:45
16B9:66
16C1:41
16C9:A2
16D1:82
16D9:8A
1GE1:2F
16E9:Cl
1O6F1:A5
16F9:82
1161:11
1169342
1111:66
1119:2A
1121:D98
1129:20
1131:E6
1139:38
1141:34
1149: 8B
1151:22
1159:@D
1161:7F
1169:3C
1171:9E
1179:8B
1181:81
1189:8B
1191:Al
1199:C5
11A1:43
11A9:88
11B1:20
11B9:86
11C1:86
11C9:A2
EC
36
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25
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68
91
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32
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27
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32
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34
13
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33
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83
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88
27
32
86
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57
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6B
67
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12
26
56
45
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93
CE
88
27
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55
57
4P
3c
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26
A6
13
D8
43
49
22
49
3c
96
26
49
Ag
cl
58
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A5
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AS
84
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FD
24
85
99
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17
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89
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36
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cl
91
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27
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58
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13
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56
88
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53
69
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84
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32
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43
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69
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49
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56
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18
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52
33
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BA
DB
59
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1D
1B
22
FC
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7F
11D1:A6
11D9:96
11E1:8B
11E9:04
11F1:98
11F9:68
1201:F7
1269:6D
1211:aAC
1219:86
1221:C8
1229:15
1231:E8
1239:GE
1241:26
1249: 46
1251:62
1259:34
1261:FO
1269:62
1271:06
1279:A4
1281:31
1289: 26
1291:82
1299:CB
12A1:F2
12A9:61
12B1:64
12B9:96
12C1:33
1209:82
12D1:CF
12D9:26
12E1:15
12E9:13
12F1:6E
12F9: 37
1301:6D
1369:E5
1311:23
1319:85
1321:25
1329:69
1331:C9
1339256
1341314
1349:EG
1351:28
1359:84
1361: 6F
1369: 68
1371:90
1379376
1381:E4
1389:A8
1391:8D
1399: 6C
13A1:FO
13A9:96
13B1:19
13B9:86
13C1:26
13C€9:99
13D1:78
13D9:AF
13E1:49
13E9:7E
13F1:80
13F9:59
1411:29
1419:25
1421:86
1429:71
1479:E8
1481:51
Gl
9A
CA
co
14A9:C8
14B1:D2
14B9:74
14C1:8F
14€9:99
14D1:A9
14D9:9C
14Fl:
14F9:63
1501:4C
1509:BD
1511:D6
1519:29
1521:89
1529:09
1531:04
AA
48
08
96
96
07
12
CE
76
4a
23
A6
55
Oo
39
7B
6C
16
1561:19
1569:39
1571:C8
1579344
1589:E6
1591:23
1599:58
15A1:A5
15A9:FD
15B1:D@
15B9: 48
L5CUA1L2
15C9:A4
15D1:8A
15D9: 6B
15E1:CD
15E9:CC
15F1:93
15F9:B9
1661:B4
1669:85
1611:B4
1619:FE
1621:41
1629:66
1c
54
5c
c4
20
85
@D
De
4D
14
E3
4c
94
15
96
68
A4
GE
65
85
FF
Fl
8F
GA
1649:49 C8 13 21 AO AG AB GB ED
1651:A5 14 AA 94 4C BD 92 C9 3C
1659:80 98 66 26 A7 8F 4C 77 38
16A9:1A AS 67 85 23 A4 3D 22 CD
16B1:C9 30 D@ 21 AC 41 C5 1D GE
16B9:DG 18 49 98 13 C8 Bl 87 2D
16C1:14 A® FF C8 C4 1D F@ 18 41
17061:C@ G8 G6 46 9E BC 18 GC AT
1769:16 GC 2B @C 31 GC BB BB 43
1711:0A G6 9E 32 30 36 31 9G F7
1719:96 @6 C® FD DA BE D4 8D 85
1721:0F 96 04 88 8D 12 D4 68 4A
1771:02 D@ G1 68 B5 G3 39 G9 IE
1779346
1799:06 BB 13 7F Al 84 69 66 A5
17A1:86 66 84 67 28 78 C4 AB ED
17A9:CC 68 88 29 91 G6 AD 26 EF
17B1:F4 98 A8 A7 A4 G8 2A GA B3
17B9:69 5E 8A A6 E8 C8 DO F2 EE
17C1:84 C@ 92 G3 E2 GA 78 GC 21
17C9:61 G6 G8 1C 69 C9 A2 FF Al
17D1:E8 36 EE 13 E4 69 FO GF CB
17D9:C@® 26 7E DD 99 FG EF G1 C8
17E1:7D BD 66 7F 85 68 35 F8 47
17E9:G8 8D 14 95 63 AS 68 FO 47
17F1:43 AD 6G 7E 95 G2 E4 OD 8G
17F9:44 D2 62 CB 1@ 65 63 55 4D
1801:51 38 EE 9C 15 86 C5 59 37
1869:71 BB Fl @B 21 3E 85 5@ 2D
1811:Al 93 96 OD F5 18 65 46 F4
1819:47 65 3B 47 45 E6 93 C8 D7
1821:48 56 GB B3 55 29 86 GA E5
1829:86 59 1A 26 EG GG G4 G3 4A
1831:6B 69 85 G5 16 64 88 19 DB
1839:CE A2 OF 66 G2 26 G3 26 96
1841:G0A 26 54 9C GB 49 98 BA OD
1849:76 98 99 12 A5 GA E5 D4 G4
1851:@A AS OB ES 93 3D GB E6 BI
1859:28 @2 E6 G3 CA 18 D7 CB 32
1861:96
1869:36
1871:05
1879:11
1881: 93
1889:66
1891:18
1899:85
18A1:EF
18A9:37
18B1:D1
18B9:BO
18C1:FO
18C9:85
18D1:63
18D9: 60
18E1:02
18E9:98
18F1:6F
18F9:8A
19061:96
1969:9D
1911:68
1919:8C
1921:63
1929:62
1931:F@
1939:0A
1941320
1949:B4
1951:6B
1959:1C
1961:42
1969:80
1971:42
1979:98
1981:22
1989: 6D
1991:60
1999:69
19A1:5D
19A9: 28
19B1:DD
19B9:4C
19C1:28
19C9:FO
19D1:85
19D9:FO
19E1:B8
19E9:20
19F1:0D
19F9:CO
1AG1:908
1A99:9D
1A11:23
1A19:16
1A21:12
1A29:11
1A31:FO
1A39:E8
1A41:63
1A49:76
1A51:68
1A59:54
1A61:E4
1A69:14
1A71:6F
1A79:4C
1A81:67
1A89:CC
o5
a8
5B
38
65
68
63
66
98
BG
c8
20
96
4c
4
a2
19
03
3E
E6
cg
B5
26
03
02
03
32
64
rN
7E
E9
oc
2D
05
DG
88
FD
DF
04
99
84
14
74
OB
G1
03
96
8D
GA
56
06
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12
c8
GE
07
6E
DD
BD
F3
15
42
14
14
a8
90
OF
2p
AE
62
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE
G3
AE
4a
EC
c3
79
0B
cs
Ag
EG
EA
BO
CE
98
ED
A5
17
26
(oh)
77
GE
cg
cg
EQ
61
F2
G2
G2
AS
G1
oF
Al
8D
OB
82
3F
A4
46
32
63
42
A5
gc
3c
A5
CA
85
EO
F4
E4
08
12
FF
42
6c
FG
86
cs
14)
cg
E4
57
14
85
1c
E4
37
18
62
G4
Ag
FF
22
27
G-37
PROGRAMS
1A91:28
1A99:290
1AA1:61
1AA9:AG
1AB1:20
1AB9:C3
1AC1:26
1AC9:AC
1ADL:A6
1AD9:2D
1AE1:97
1AE9:A9
1AF1:4C
LAF9: 06
1B61:53
1B09:83
1B11:6E
1B19:6C
1B21:9D
1B29:81
1B31:5D
1B39:27
1B41:53
1B49:35
1B51:85
1B59: 46
1B61:55
1B69:A9
1B71:AD
1B79:77
1B81:82
1B89:0C
1B91:64
1B99:CD
1BA1:D4
1BA9:@1
1BB1:13
1BB9:99
1BC1:62
1BC9:63
1BD1:9C
1BD9: 33
1BE1:C2
1BE9:62
1BF1:67
1BF9:E2
1C01:97
1C09:8D
1¢11:12
1C€19:78
1¢€21:6C
1029:1F
1C31:A9
1€39:A9
1¢41:18
1€49:61
1C51:A9
1059:@3
1C61:A9
1€69:27
1¢71:C9
1079:4C
1C81:D6
1089: 60
1C91:FG
1099: 9B
1CA1:96
1CA9:56
1CB1:86
1CB9:4E
G-38
c3
BA
C4
05
D8
6A
Da
33
2B
84
A2
Go
59
FF
44
64
82
De
EC
EE
AC
66
14
86
38
FO
FO
8c
4c
71
6F
DE
BO
45
G2
33
4E
21
79
8D
20
oD
8D
2D
14
03
al
14
59
AD
Ag
2D
35
08
Bl
27
37
Ag
08
GE
c8
BO
FB
Ag
07
68
vat
5D
OB
47
61
FF
48
AQ
El
B7
26
97
A4
2E
DS
26
A6
RE:
AF
co
8D
26
CF
12
EC
79
26
G2
EB
09
1E
8D
4E
59
9B
AD
GE
66
42
16
19
FF
38
OA
91
61
83
96
4A
91
AQ
97
I)
26
42
AD
AG
08
65
1B
85
9c
8D
E6
Do
9B
68
oD
26
29
Ut)
1l
2c
16
COMPUTE JUNE 1992
1CC1:42
1CC9:3F
1CD1:87
1CD9: 62
1CE1:2E
1CE9:92
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46
Farid Ahmad programs his 64 in Is-
lamabad, Pakistan.
PAD DESIGN
By Robert C. Marcus
Impedance matching is an important con-
cept in radio and electronics work. To get
the maximum power from your ham radio
to your antenna, for example, you'll have
to match the impedance of your antenna
to the impedance of your transmitter.
If you want a filter to pass a desired
band of frequencies, you'll have to make
sure the input and output impedances of
the filter match those of your input and out-
put circuits.
If you want to get the most power out
of a stereo speaker, then the speaker im-
pedance must match the output imped-
ance of your amplifier.
If you're a ham radio operator or an
electronics hobbyist, these are just a few
of the times when you might find it nec-
essary to design an attenuator network,
or what's generally referred to as a pad.
Whether you want to insert additional
attenuation or merely match impedanc-
es, the math that's involved can be intim-
idating. That's where Pad Design can
help. It does all the number crunching
necessary to calculate the resistive ele-
ments necessary to meet the design re-
quirements that you specify.
The program is set up to deal with un-
balanced T and Pi networks, but it can al-
so deal with balanced H and O networks.
The minimum-loss pad for impedance
matching is included as well.
In many applications, it's possible to
use commercial standard-value resistors.
Their low cost and availability are trade-
offs for a slight compromise in the atten-
uation and impedances being matched.
The advantage of using Pad Design is
that it lets you try out various standard val-
ues to produce a network that is closest
to the design criteria.
Pad Design is written entirely in BA-
SIC. To help avoid typing errors, enter it
with The Automatic Proofreader. See “Typ-
ing Aids” elsewhere in this section.
Using the Program
When the program is run, you can
choose the type of network to be
used: T, H, Pi, O, or MIN-LOSS. Pad De-
sign then prompts for the input and out-
put impedances that will be used, and
if the network is a T/H or Pi/O, the in-
sertion loss in decibels is asked for.
The program then displays the network
and gives the values required for the re-
sistive arms.
At this point you may select to end
the program, return to the menu, or
changes resistors to obtain the best
choice of standard values.
If you decide to make changes to
the resistors, you'll be prompted for
new values. The program limits the de-
viation of value to plus or minus 20 per-
cent of the actual design value; this is
more than adequate when you are us-
ing standard resistors whose values
may vary by 10 percent. For more pre-
cise values, 5- or 1-percent resistors
would be items of choice. If the origi-
nal design value is to be retained for a
particular resistor, just press Return.
After you make your changes, the
network is displayed again. This time it
lists two sets of impedances. The first
gives the value of ZI, which results
from the new R values when ZO termi-
nates in the originally specified imped-
ance. The second value gives ZO as it
appears when ZI terminates in its spec-
ified impedance. The insertion loss—
calculated with the existing changes—
is displayed as well.
Balanced Networks
When dealing with balanced networks,
remember that the value of the series
arm or arms is halved. Since the values
given and entered are on a single-unit
basis, you'll have to multiply by two
when choosing standard values.
Decimal Places
The calculated values for resistors and
impedances are rounded off at two dec-
imal places for values below 1 ohm
and one decimal place for values be-
tween 1 and 1000 ohms. Attenuation
values are rounded off at two decimal
places.
Should you wish to set your own val-
ues for resistors and impedances, you
can alter the multiplier. The multiplier is
the function FNPM(x), which is defined
in line 110. It is, in effect, powers of 10
used with the INT() function to set the
number of decimal places, such as
INT(FNPM(n)*n+.5)/FNPM(n) where n
is a floating point number.
The function can be interpreted as
FNPM(x)=104(BASE-(x<LL+(x>HL)).
Base is the number of places that
are to be rounded: 1 sets one decimal
place, 2 sets two decimal places, and
so on. LL is the lower limit. Below this
value the number of places increases
by one over the base number. HL is
the high limit at which the number of
places decreases by one from the
base.
To sum up our application, there’s
one decimal place (base) between 1
(LL) and 1000 (HL), there are two deci-
mal places below 1, and there are no
decimal places for 1000 and over.
Programmers using this method for
rounding off floating point numbers
should note that making the base a
negative number produces rounding to
tenths, hundredths, and so on.
PAD DESIGN
BA 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 COMPU
TE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
REM ***{2 SPACES}INITIA
LIZE{2 SPACES}***
HDS="{RVS}{16 SPACES}PA
D DESIGN{9 SPACES}":DEF
FNPM (X) =107 (1~(X<1) +(X>
1666))
cc$(1)="_ ":cC$(2)="
{CYN}RESULTS WITH NEW '
R' VALUES{7}"
LO$(1)="INSERTION LOSS"
:LO$ (2) ="MINIMUM-LOSS"
ANS(1)="T OR H “:ANS(2
="T OR O ":ANS$(3)="MIN-
Loss"
POKE783, PEEK (783) AND254
: POKE53281,0: POKE53280,
6
REM ***{2 SPACES}MAIN M
ENU{2 SPACES}***
PRINT" {CLR}"; :FORI=1T04
@:PRINT"{RVS} ";:NEXT
kQ
PB
166
116
CM 126
DP 130
FE 146
DE 156
JE 160
AC 176
GH
HM
DA
1890
196
266
216
226
236
246
2568
268
276
286
296
306
316
326
336
346
358
360
376
386
396
406
416
426
436
446
456
466
476
486
496
568
518
PRINT" {HOME} "TAB (5) HDS
RO=3:CO=5:GOSUB115@: PRI
NT" SELECT: ":CO=18:FORI=
1703
RO=RO+2:GOSUB115@: PRINT
I" — "ANS$(I) :NEXT
INPUT" {DOWN}CHOICE:";P$
2: IFPS<"1L"ORPS>"3"THEN21
(]
PH=1
INPUT" {DOWN}ENTER INPUT
{2 SPACES} IMPEDANCE"; ZI
:IFZI=6 THENGOSUB1260:G
070239
INPUT"ENTER OUTPUT IMPE
DANCE"; ZO: IFZO=GTHENGOS
UB1260:GOTO24G
IFP$="3"ANDZO=ZITHENPRI
NT" {DOWN} {RVS}MIN-LOSS
{SPACE}IS TO MATCH Z'S"
:GOTO1219
IFPS="3"THEN3GG
INPUT"ENTER ATTENUATION
IN DB.";AT
IFAT=@THEN1259
N=EXP (LOG (1G) *AT/18)
ONVAL (P$) GOTO310,449,57
G
REM ***{2 SPACES}CALC F
OR T OR H{3 SPACES}***
R3=2*SQR(ZI*ZO*N) /(N-1)
R1=Z1* (N+1) /(N-1) -R3:R1
=INT (FNPM(R1) *R1+.5) /EN
PM(R1)
R2=ZO* (N+1) /(N-1) -R3:R2
=INT (FNPM(R2) *R2+.5) /EN
PM(R2)
R3=INT (FNPM(R3) *R3+.5)/
FNPM(R3)
IFSGN (R2) =-1THEN1230
RA=R1:RB=R2:RC=R3
GOTO69G
ZA= (ZO+R2) *R3/(ZO+R2+R3
)+R1:ZA=INT (ENPM(ZA)*ZA
+.5) /FNPM (ZA)
ZB=(ZI+R1)*R3/(ZI+R1+R3
)+R2:ZB=INT (FNPM(ZB) *ZB
+.5) /FNPM(ZB)
VL=1/( (ZO0+R2) *R3/((ZO+R
2+R3) *ZA) *Z0/(ZO+R2) )
AT=INT (100* (20*LOG (VL) /
LOG (10) -18*LOG (ZA/ZO) /L
0G(16))+.5)/186
GOTO69G
REM ***{2 SPACES}CALC F
OR ' OR O{3 SPACES}***
R3=(N-1) /2*SQR(ZI*Z0/N)
R1L=1/(1/Z1* (N+1) /(N-1) -
(1/R3) ) :R1=INT (FNPM(R1)
*R1+.5) /ENPM(R1L
R2=1/(1/2Z0* (N+1) / (N-1) -
(1/R3) ) :R2=INT (FNPM(R2)
*R2+.5) /ENPM(R2
R3=INT (FNPM(R3) *R3+.5)/
FNPM(R3)
IFSGN (R1) =-1THEN1239
RA=R1:RB=R2:RC=R3
GOTO878
XX
XP
DM
BD
MX
xd
XR
MA
HD
MK
sQ
PF
MR
ME
HP
KP
Gs
XJ
SM
526
536
546
550
560
576
580
596
666
619
620
630
640
656
660
676
686
6995
768
716
728
736
746
758
766
776
788
7196
869
0Z=ZO*R2/(Z0+R2) :1Z=Z1*
R1/(ZI+R1)
ZA=(OZ+R3) *R1/(0Z+R1+R3
) :ZA=INT (FNPM(ZA)*ZA+.5
) /ENPM (ZA)
ZB=(1Z+R3) *R2/(1Z+R2+R3
) :ZB=INT (FNPM(ZB) *ZB+.5
) /ENPM (ZB)
AT=INT (168* (20*LOG ( (02+
R3) /0Z) /LOG (10) -18*L0G (
ZA/ZO) /LOG (16))+.5) /108
GOTO876
REM ***{2 SPACES}CALC F
OR MIN-LOSS{2 SPACES}**
*
IFZO>ZITHENZ=Z1:Z1=Z0:Z
O=Z
R3=Z0/SQR(1-(Z0/ZI)) :R3
=INT (FNPM(R3) *R3+.5) /EN
PM(R3)
R1=ZI*SQR(1-(ZO/Z1)) :R1
=INT (FNPM(R1)*R1+.5) /EN
PM(R1)
ZA=Z1
RA=R1: RB=R2:RC=R3
GOTO66G
ZA=Z0*R3/(ZO+R3) +R1:ZA=
INT (ENPM(ZA) *ZA+.5) /ENP
M(ZA)
ZB= (ZI+R1) *R3/(ZI+R1+R3
) :ZB=INT (FNPM(ZB)*ZB+.5
) /ENPM (ZB)
VL=ZA/ (ZO*R3/(ZO+R3) )
AT=INT (166% (26*LOG (VL) /
LOG (18) -18*LOG (ZA/Z0) /L
0G(1G))+.5)/106
GOTO198¢
REM ***{2 SPACES}DISPLA
Y T NETWORK{2 SPACES}**
*
PRINT" {CLR}"HD$"
{2 SPACES}"ANS$ (1)
PRINTTAB (5) CCS (PH)
PRINTTAB (49) "CCCC{RVS}
{WHT}{3 SPACES}{7}{OFF}
CC{R}CC{RVS} {WHT}
{3 SPACES}{7}{OFF}CCC"
PRINTTAB(16)"{8 SPACES}
B"™
PRINTTAB(18)"{3 SPACES}
R1{3 SPACES}{RVS} {WHT}
{SPACE}{7}{OFF}
{4 SPACFS}R2"
PRINTTAB(16)"{8 SPACES}
*{RVS} {WHT} {7}{OFF} R3"
PRINTTAB(16)"{8 SPACES}
{RVS}{WHT} {7}{OFF}"
PRINTTAB(10)"{3 SPACES}
{WHT}{3 @}{7}{2 SPACES}
B{2 SPACES}{WHT}{3 @}
738 é
PRINTTAB (9) "CCCCCCCCC
{E}CECECECC"ig:
PRINTTAB(10)"{3 SPACES}
{WHT} {T}7{T}{7}
{5 SPACES} {WHT}{T}]{T}
47)"
PRINT"{3 NOWN}T NOTE: I
JUNE 1992 COMPUTE G-39
PROGRAMS
BX
AG
MD
sD
MK
lens
CF
sD
AC
Qc
PJ
MH
RG
ES
G-40
810
829
830
840
850
860
876
880
898
908
9190
920
936
949
956
966
976
989
990
1668
1616
1626
1636
1646
1856
1668
F BALANCED H THEN Rl &
{SPACE}R2"
PRINT"{8 SPACES}ARE HAL
VED."
PRINT" {DOWN}R1="R1TAB (1
5) "R2="R2TAB (3G) "R3="R3
RO=5:CO=3:GOSUB1159:IFP
H=1THENPRINT"ZI"ZITAB (3
6) "z0"Z0:GOTO856
PRINT"ZI{CYN}"ZATAB (38)
"£7}2Z0"Z0: RO=7:GOSUB115
@:PRINT"{2 SPACES}"ZITA
B(36)"{2 SPACES} {CYN}"Z
B"{7}"
RO=11:CO=16:GOSUB1156:P
RINTLOS (INT (VAL(P$) /2+.
5));aT" DB"
GOTO1166
REM ***{2 SPACES}DISPLA
Y { NETWORK{2 SPACES}**
*
PRINT" {CLR}"HDS$"
{2 SPACES}"AN$ (2)
PRINTTAB (5) CCS (PH)
PRINTTAB (56) "CCCCC{R}CC
{RVS}{WHT}{3 SPACES}
{OFF}{7}CC{R}CCCC"
PRINTTAB(16)"{5 SPACES}
B{7 SPACES}B"
PRINTTAB(16)"{5 SPACES}
{RVS}{WHT} {OFF}{7}
{3 SPACES}R3{2 SPACES}
{RVS} {WHT} {OFF}{7}"
PRINTTAB(16)"{5 SPACES}
{RVS}{WHT} {OFF}{7} R1
{4 SPACES}{RVS} {WHT}
{OFF}{7} R2"
PRINTTAB(16)"{5 SPACES}
{RVS}{WHT} {OFF}{7}>
{7 SPACES}{RVS} {WHT}
{OFF} {7}"
PRINTTAB(10)"{5 SPACES}
B{2 SPACES} {WHT}{3 @}
€7}{2 SPACES}B"
PRINTTAB (18) "CCCCC{E}CC
ccccc{E}Ccccc" %
PRINTTAB(10)"{8 SPACES}
{WHT} {T}7{TH{7}"
PRINT"{3 DOWN} NOTE: I
F BALANCED O THEN R3 IS
HALVED"
GOTO820
REM ***{2 SPACES}DISPL
AY MIN-LOSS{2 SPACES}*
ak
PRINT" {CLR}"HDS"
{2 SPACES}"ANS (3)
PRINTTAB (5) CC$ (PH)
PRINTTAB (49) "CCCC{RVS}
{WHT}{3 SPACES}{7}
{OFF }CC{R}CCCCCCCC"
PRINTTAB (10) "
{8 SPACES}B"
PRINTTAB (10) "
{3 SPACES}R1{3 SPACES}
{RVS} {WHT} {7}{OFF}"
PRINTTAB (10) "
{8 SPACES}{RVS} {WHT}
COMPUTE JUNE 1992
FS
FJ
Qs
cD
BM
SD
KE
KS
PQ
SH
CK
RM
XR
AJ
AA
KH
AD
MK
RR
JK
HP
MP
RK
CR
DK
1076
1686
1098
1106
1116
1126
1136
1146
1156
1166
1176
11806
1196
1266
1216
1226
1236
1246
1256
12668
1276
1286
1296
1368
1318
{7}{OFF} R3"
PRINTTAB(19)"
{8 SPACES}{RVS} {WHT}
£7}{OFF}"
PRINTTAB(19)"
{3 SPACES}{WHT}{3 @}
¢73{2 SPACES}B"
PRINTTAB (9) "CCCCCCCCC
{E}CCCCCCCcc"
PRINTTAB (10) "
{3 SPACES} {WHT} {T}]{T}
<7"
PRINT"{3 DOWN} NOTE:
{SPACE}IF BALANCED THE
N Rl IS HALVED."
PRINT" {DOWN} R1="RLTAB (
30) "R3="R3
GOT083G
REM *** SUB-RTES ***
POKE781,RO: POKE782,CO:
SYS65520: RETURN
RO=22:CO=G:GOSUB1156:P
RINT" {CYN}1-ENTER NEW
{SPACE}R VALUES
{4 SPACES}2-MENU
{4 SPACES}3-QUIT{7}"
GETA$: IFAS<>"1"ANDAS<>
"2"ANDAS<>"3"THEN1176
IFAS="2"THENL6G
IFAS="3"THENPRINT"
{CLR}": POKE53281,6:POK
E£53280,14:END
PRINT" {CLR}":GOSUB1276
: ONVAL (P$)GOTO396,520,
640
PRINT" {DOWN} {CYN}HIT S
HIFT TO REDO{7}":WAIT6
53,1:GOTO16G
PRINT"{RVS}VALUE ENTER
ED IS > OR < THAN 20%
{SPACE}OF":PRINTTAB (10
) Rt RETURN
PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS}THE I
NSERTION LOSS IS < MIN
-Loss -"
PRINT"{5 SPACES}{RVS}R
EDO OR CHOOSE MIN.LOSS
":GOTO1210
PRINT" {DOWN}{RVS} SOME
INSERTION LOSS MUST E
XIST ":GOTO1216
PRINT" {DOWN}{RVS} SOME
IMPEDANCE MUST EXIST
{SPACE}":RETURN
REM *** GET NEW R VALU
ES eae
RO=4:CO=5:GOSUB1150:PR
INT" {CYN} {RVS}RETURN
{OFF} ONLY FOR ORIGINA
L R VALUE{7}{DOWN}"
PH=2:R1S="":R2Ss"
="
INPUT"ENTER NEW Rl VAL
UE";R1$:R1=VAL (R1$) : IF
R1$=""THENR1=RA:GOTO13
20
IFABS (VAL (R1$) -RA)>.2*
RATHENR=RA:R1S="":GOSU
R3$
KG
CA
SG
ss
XA
JR
JG 1386
B1220:GOT01306
IFPS="3"THEN1350
INPUT"ENTER NEW R2 VAL
UE"; R2$:R2=VAL (R2$) :1F
R2$=""THENR2=RB:GOTO13
50
IFABS (VAL (R2$)-RB) >. 2*
RBTHENR=RB: R2$="":GOSU
B1220:GOTO1330
INPUT"ENTER NEW R3 VAL
UE"; R3$:R3=VAL(R3S) :1F
R3S="""THENR3=RC:GOTO13
70
IFABS (VAL(R3$) -RC) >.2*
RCTHENR=RC: R3$="":GOSU
B122:GOTO1350
IFR1=RAANDR2=RBANDR3=R
CTHENPH=1
RETURN
1326
1336
1346
1356
1366
1376
Robert C. Marcus lives in St. Thomas,
Ontario, Canada. He's the author of
CoilCalc (June 1991). 0
TYPING AIDS
MLX, our machine language en-
try program for the 64 and 128,
and The Automatic Proofreader
are utilities that help you type in
Gazette programs without mak-
ing mistakes. To make room for
more programs, we no longer in-
clude these labor-saving utili-
ties in every issue, but they can
be found on each Gazette
Disk and are printed in all is-
sues of Gazette through June
1990
If you don’t have access to
a back issue or to one of our
disks, write to us, and we'll
send you free copies of both of
these handy programs. We'll
also include instructions on
how to type in Gazette pro-
grams. Please enclose a self-
addressed, stamped envelope.
Write to Typing Aids, COM-
PUTE’s Gazette, 324 West Wen-
dover Avenue, Suite 200
Greensboro, North Carolina
27408
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